Akinesia vs. Akathisia — What's the Difference?

Akinesia is a movement disorder characterized by the inability to initiate movement, often seen in Parkinson's disease. It manifests as muscle stiffness and a reduction in spontaneous movement, making everyday activities challenging. On the other hand, akathisia is a condition often caused by antipsychotic medications, leading to a compelling urge to move and an inability to remain stationary, which can be extremely distressing to individuals experiencing it.

While akinesia primarily affects motor function, leading to difficulties in starting or continuing movements, akathisia impacts both physical and psychological aspects, as the constant need to move can lead to anxiety and discomfort. The root causes of these conditions highlight their differences: akinesia is usually a symptom of underlying neurological diseases, whereas akathisia is typically a side effect of medication.

The treatment approaches for akinesia and akathisia also differ. Akinesia, being a symptom of diseases like Parkinson’s, is treated with medications that increase dopamine levels in the brain, such as levodopa. In contrast, akathisia may be managed by adjusting the dosage of the causative medication, switching to another medication, or adding medications that can alleviate the symptoms of restlessness.

Despite their differences, both conditions significantly impact quality of life. Akinesia can lead to difficulties in performing daily tasks and decrease independence, while akathisia can cause severe discomfort and psychological distress, affecting an individual's ability to engage in social and occupational activities.

Akinesia and akathisia are distinct conditions with different causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management, highlighting the importance of tailored medical care for individuals affected by these movement disorders.