Alb vs. Cassock — What's the Difference?

An alb is a liturgical vestment that is typically white, symbolizing purity and joy in the Christian tradition, worn by clergy and sometimes laypersons during worship services. It is long, often reaching the ankles, and is meant to cover the wearer's regular clothes as a sign of sanctity and dedication during sacred ceremonies. On the other hand, a cassock is a distinct piece of clerical attire, serving as a daily garment for clergy members in many Christian denominations.

Albs are designed to be a plain, seamless garment, made from linen or cotton, focusing on the aspect of purity and simplicity. They often feature tight sleeves and may be secured at the waist with a cincture, a type of liturgical belt, to fit the body more closely. While cassocks, tailored to fit the body more snugly, traditionally have buttons down the front and may include features like a cincture or sash, signifying certain ranks or roles within the church hierarchy. These garments reflect the clerical status and role of the wearer within the church.

The origin and historical development of the alb and cassock diverge significantly. The alb evolved from the tunica, a simple white garment worn in Roman times, and became a symbol of the Christian faith's purity and new life. Whereas the cassock's origins are traced back to the medieval period, evolving from everyday attire into a formal clerical garment. This historical evolution underscores the differing roles and symbolisms of these garments in Christian worship and clerical life.

In terms of symbolism, the alb primarily represents baptismal purity and the new life Christians receive through faith. It serves as a reminder of the commitment to live a life of purity and devotion. Conversely, the cassock symbolizes the clerical office and the wearer's dedication to their ecclesiastical duties. It is a sign of the clergy's role as shepherds to their flock and their commitment to a life of service to the Church and its teachings.

The choice between wearing an alb or cassock can also reflect the specific liturgical or ceremonial requirements of different Christian denominations. In some traditions, the alb is worn for nearly all liturgical functions, emphasizing the universality and unity of the Christian faith. In contrast, the cassock's use may be more varied, serving as everyday attire for clergy, as well as a base layer for other vestments during more formal liturgical ceremonies. This versatility makes the cassock a staple in clerical wardrobes across numerous denominations.