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Alkali vs. Base — What's the Difference?

By Tayyaba Rehman — Updated on October 5, 2023
Alkali refers specifically to a base soluble in water, while Base, in a broader term, denotes substances that, in aqueous solution, are slippery to touch, taste astringent, and change the color of indicators (e.g., turn litmus paper blue).
Alkali vs. Base — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Alkali and Base

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Key Differences

Alkali and Base, both pertain to the domain of chemistry but encapsulate distinct meanings. Alkali exclusively refers to a base that is not only capable of neutralizing acids but is also water-soluble, providing a notable specificity in its definition.
Base, conversely, espouses a broader categorization in chemistry. It encompasses all substances that can accept protons (or H+ ions) or donate a pair of valence electrons, which means that while all alkalis are bases, not all bases are alkalis.
Diving into alkali, it's imperative to underscore its water-soluble attribute. Alkali always forms alkaline (basic) solutions when dissolved in water, acting definitively to neutralize acids, and is discernible by its slippery feel and capability to change the color of indicators like litmus paper.
Base, with its wider implication, does not mandate water solubility. It includes substances that may or may not dissolve in water. Bases are proton acceptors, and they also have the characteristic to turn red litmus paper blue, indicative of their basicity.
Conclusively, while alkali holds its position as a subset within the base category, it is essential to acknowledge that the primary discrepancy lies in the water-solubility characteristic that alkali maintains, setting it apart within the overarching base category.
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Comparison Chart

Definition

Water-soluble base
Substance that can accept protons

Solubility

Always soluble in water
Not always soluble in water

Litmus Paper Test

Turns red litmus paper blue
Turns red litmus paper blue

Examples

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Ammonia (NH3)

Presence in Aqueous Solution

Always creates an alkaline solution
May or may not create an alkaline solution

Compare with Definitions

Alkali

A substance that has a pH greater than 7.
Being an alkali, calcium hydroxide presents a pH above 7 when in solution.

Base

A substance that accepts protons.
Ammonia acts as a base by accepting a proton from a water molecule.

Alkali

A substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
When dissolved in water, potassium hydroxide releases OH- ions and is therefore an alkali.

Base

An electron pair donor.
In a reaction with HCl, NH3 (ammonia) donates an electron pair, behaving as a base.

Alkali

A compound that turns red litmus paper blue.
The alkali, lithium hydroxide, changes the color of red litmus paper to blue.

Base

A substance that may turn red litmus paper blue.
Sodium hydroxide, a base, turns red litmus paper blue upon contact.

Alkali

Material capable of neutralizing acids.
The alkali, NaOH, neutralizes HCl to form water and salt.

Base

The lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported
She sat down at the base of a tree

Alkali

A water-soluble base.
Sodium hydroxide is an alkali because it dissolves in water.

Base

A conceptual structure or entity on which something draws or depends
The town's economic base collapsed

Alkali

In chemistry, an alkali (; from Arabic: القلوي‎ al-qaly "ashes of the saltwort") is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water.

Base

A place used as a centre of operations by the armed forces or others; a headquarters
He headed back to base

Alkali

A compound with particular chemical properties including turning litmus blue and neutralizing or effervescing with acids; typically, a caustic or corrosive substance of this kind such as lime or soda
Flint is not subject to chemical weathering except by strong alkalis
The reaction is followed by measuring the concentration of alkali at various times

Base

A main or important element or ingredient to which other things are added
Soaps with a vegetable oil base

Alkali

A carbonate or hydroxide of an alkali metal, the aqueous solution of which is bitter, slippery, caustic, and characteristically basic in reactions.

Base

A substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions.

Alkali

Any of various soluble mineral salts found in natural water and arid soils.

Base

The middle part of a bipolar transistor, separating the emitter from the collector.

Alkali

Alkali metal.

Base

The root or stem of a word or a derivative.

Alkali

A substance having highly basic properties; a strong base.

Base

A number used as the basis of a numeration scale.

Alkali

(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.

Base

Each of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run.

Alkali

(Western United States) Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters.

Base

Use (something specified) as the foundation or starting point for something
Entitlement will be based on income
The film is based on a novel by Pat Conroy

Alkali

Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.

Base

Situate at a specified place as the centre of operations
A London-based band
The Science Policy Review Unit is based at the University of Sussex

Alkali

One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.

Base

Without moral principles; ignoble
The electorate's baser instincts of greed and selfishness

Alkali

Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters.

Base

Denoting or befitting a person of low social class.

Alkali

Any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water;
Bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia

Base

(of coins or other articles) not made of precious metal
The basest coins in the purse were made in the 620s AD

Alkali

A mixture of soluble salts found in arid soils and some bodies of water; detrimental to agriculture

Base

The lowest or bottom part
The base of a cliff.
The base of a lamp.

Base

The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.

Base

The point of attachment of such an organ.

Base

A supporting part or layer; a foundation
A skyscraper built on a base of solid rock.

Base

A basic or underlying element; infrastructure
The nation's industrial base.

Base

The fundamental principle or underlying concept of a system or theory; a basis.

Base

A fundamental ingredient; a chief constituent
A paint with an oil base.

Base

The fact, observation, or premise from which a reasoning process is begun.

Base

(Games) A starting point, safety area, or goal.

Base

(Baseball) Any one of the four corners of an infield, marked by a bag or plate, that must be touched by a runner before a run can be scored.

Base

A center of organization, supply, or activity; a headquarters.

Base

The portion of a social organization, especially a political party, consisting of the most dedicated or motivated members.

Base

A fortified center of operations.

Base

A supply center for a large force of military personnel.

Base

A facial cosmetic used to even out the complexion or provide a surface for other makeup; a foundation.

Base

(Architecture) The lowest part of a structure, such as a wall, considered as a separate unit
The base of a column.

Base

(Heraldry) The lower part of a shield.

Base

(Linguistics) A morpheme or morphemes regarded as a form to which affixes or other bases may be added.

Base

The side or face of a geometric figure to which an altitude is or is thought to be drawn.

Base

The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system. The base of the decimal system, for example, is 10.

Base

The number raised to the logarithm of a designated number in order to produce that designated number; the number at which a chosen logarithmic scale has the value 1.

Base

A line used as a reference for measurement or computations.

Base

Any of a class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts.

Base

A substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

Base

A substance that can act as a proton acceptor.

Base

A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

Base

The region in a transistor between the emitter and the collector.

Base

The electrode attached to this region.

Base

One of the nitrogen-containing purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) that occurs attached to the sugar component of DNA or RNA.

Base

A bass singer or voice.

Base

Forming or serving as a base
A base layer of soil.

Base

Situated at or near the base or bottom
A base camp for the mountain climbers.

Base

(Chemistry) Of, relating to, or containing a base.

Base

Having or showing a lack of decency; contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish.

Base

Being a metal that is of little value.

Base

Containing such metals
Base coins.

Base

(Archaic) Of low birth, rank, or position.

Base

(Obsolete) Short in stature.

Base

To form or provide a base for
Based the new company in Portland.

Base

To find a basis for; establish
Based her conclusions on the report.
A film based on a best-selling novel.

Base

To assign to a base; station
Troops based in the Middle East.

Base

Something from which other things extend; a foundation.

Base

A supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object.

Base

The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.

Base

A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.

Base

The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.

Base

A basic but essential component or ingredient.

Base

A substance used as a mordant in dyeing.

Base

(cosmetics) Foundation: a cosmetic cream to make the face appear uniform.

Base

(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.

Base

Important areas in games and sports.

Base

A safe zone in the children's games of tag and hide-and-go-seek.

Base

(baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.

Base

(architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.

Base

A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.

Base

(botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ where it is attached to its support.

Base

(electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).

Base

(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.

Base

(heraldry) The lowest third of a shield or escutcheon.

Base

(heraldry) The lower part of the field. See escutcheon.

Base

(mathematics) A number raised to the power of an exponent.
The logarithm to base 2 of 8 is 3.

Base

(mathematics) radix.

Base

(topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated.

Base

(topology) A topological space, looked at in relation to one of its covering spaces, fibrations, or bundles.

Base

(group theory) A sequence of elements not jointly stabilized by any nontrivial group element.

Base

In hand-to-hand balance, the person who supports the flyer; the person that remains in contact with the ground.

Base

(linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.

Base

(music) bass

Base

The smallest kind of cannon.

Base

(archaic) The housing of a horse.

Base

A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mail or other armour) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.

Base

(obsolete) The lower part of a robe or petticoat.

Base

(obsolete) An apron.

Base

A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.

Base

(politics) A group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates for elected office.

Base

(Marxism) The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.

Base

A material that holds paint or other materials together; a binder.

Base

(aviation) base leg

Base

(slang) freebase cocaine

Base

The game of prisoners' bars.

Base

Alternative form of BASE

Base

(transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.

Base

(transitive) To be located (at a particular place).

Base

To act as a base; to be the person supporting the flyer.

Base

(slang) To freebase.

Base

(obsolete) Low in height; short.

Base

Low in place or position.

Base

(obsolete) Of low value or degree.

Base

(archaic) Of low social standing or rank; vulgar, common.

Base

Morally reprehensible, immoral; cowardly.

Base

Inferior; unworthy, of poor quality.

Base

(of a metal) Not considered precious or noble.

Base

Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.
Base coin
Base bullion

Base

(obsolete) Of illegitimate birth; bastard.

Base

Not classical or correct.

Base

Obsolete form of bass
The base tone of a violin

Base

(legal) Not held by honourable service.
A base estate is one held by services not honourable, or held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant is a base tenant.

Base

Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base shrubs.

Base

Low in place or position.

Base

Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean.

Base

Illegitimate by birth; bastard.
Why bastard? wherefore base?

Base

Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver, the precious metals.

Base

Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.

Base

Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.

Base

Not classical or correct.

Base

Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.

Base

Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.

Base

The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a statue.

Base

Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.

Base

The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented.

Base

That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.

Base

The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; - applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids.

Base

The chief ingredient in a compound.

Base

A substance used as a mordant.

Base

The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions.

Base

The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to stand.

Base

The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms.

Base

A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.
The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar.

Base

A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc.

Base

The smallest kind of cannon.

Base

That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more central organ.

Base

The basal plane of a crystal.

Base

The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly crystalline.

Base

The lower part of the field. See Escutcheon.

Base

The housing of a horse.

Base

A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.

Base

The lower part of a robe or petticoat.

Base

An apron.

Base

The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or a goal in various games.
To their appointed base they went.

Base

A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.

Base

A rustic play; - called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.

Base

Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.

Base

To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; - used with on or upon.

Base

To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower.
If any . . . based his pike.

Base

To reduce the value of; to debase.
Metals which we can not base.

Base

Any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water;
Bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia

Base

Installation from which a military force initiates operations;
The attack wiped out our forward bases

Base

Lowest support of a structure;
It was built on a base of solid rock
He stood at the foot of the tower

Base

Place that runner must touch before scoring;
He scrambled to get back to the bag

Base

(numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place;
10 is the radix of the decimal system

Base

The bottom or lowest part;
The base of the mountain

Base

(anatomy) the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment;
The base of the skull

Base

A lower limit;
The government established a wage floor

Base

The fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained;
The whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture

Base

A support or foundation;
The base of the lamp

Base

The bottom side of a geometric figure from which the altitude can be constructed;
The base of the triangle

Base

The most important or necessary part of something;
The basis of this drink is orange juice

Base

The place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end

Base

An intensely anti-western terrorist network that dispenses money and logistical support and training to a wide variety of radical Islamic terrorist group; has cells in more than 50 countries

Base

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed;
Thematic vowels are part of the stem

Base

The stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area;
The industrial base of Japan

Base

The principal ingredient of a mixture;
Glycerinated gelatin is used as a base for many ointments
He told the painter that he wanted a yellow base with just a hint of green
Everything she cooked seemed to have rice as the base

Base

A flat bottom on which something is intended to sit;
A tub should sit on its own base

Base

(electronics) the part of a transistor that separates the emitter from the collector

Base

Use as a basis for; found on;
Base a claim on some observation

Base

Use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes

Base

Assign to a station

Base

Serving as or forming a base;
The painter applied a base coat followed by two finishing coats

Base

(used of metals) consisting of or alloyed with inferior metal;
Base coins of aluminum
A base metal

Base

Of low birth or station (`base' is archaic in this sense);
Baseborn wretches with dirty faces
Of humble (or lowly) birth

Base

Not adhering to ethical or moral principles;
Base and unpatriotic motives
A base, degrading way of life
Cheating is dishonorable
They considered colonialism immoral
Unethical practices in handling public funds

Base

Having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality;
That liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble
Taking a mean advantage
Chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort
Something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics

Base

Illegitimate

Base

Debased; not genuine;
An attempt to eliminate the base coinage

Base

A proton (H+ ion) acceptor.
The base, OH-, accepts a proton from an acid during neutralization.

Base

A compound that can neutralize acids.
A base like magnesium hydroxide can neutralize stomach acid.

Common Curiosities

Can a base accept protons?

Yes, bases can accept protons.

Are bases always slippery to the touch?

Bases tend to be slippery or soapy to the touch.

Is it safe to touch a base?

Some bases can be caustic and unsafe to touch.

Is every base alkali?

No, only bases that are water-soluble are alkalis.

Can alkali neutralize acids?

Yes, alkalis can neutralize acids.

Do all alkalis dissolve in water?

Yes, alkalis by definition dissolve in water.

Are all alkalis bases?

Yes, all alkalis are bases, but not vice versa.

Can a base be insoluble in water?

Yes, some bases are insoluble in water.

What is a common property of alkali?

Alkali always turns red litmus paper blue.

What pH level does alkali have?

Alkali always has a pH above 7.

Can a base exist in a non-aqueous solution?

Yes, bases can exist in non-aqueous solutions.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Tayyaba Rehman
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.

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