Biohazard vs. Hazard — What's the Difference?

A biohazard is defined as any biological agent or condition that can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, primarily focusing on pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and biological toxins. In contrast, a hazard is a more general term that includes any potential source of harm or adverse health effect on a person or property.

Biohazards are categorized specifically under biosafety levels ranging from 1 to 4, based on their severity and the protective measures required to handle them. On the other hand, hazards can be classified into various types such as physical, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial, depending on the nature of the risk they present.

Handling biohazards requires specific protocols to contain and neutralize the biological threat, such as using biosafety cabinets and personal protective equipment. Conversely, managing hazards might involve a broader range of safety measures, from engineering controls to administrative policies, tailored to the type of hazard.

While biohazards are strictly regulated by health and safety guidelines specific to biological safety, such as those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), general hazards are overseen by a wider array of regulations depending on the industry, including guidelines from entities like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

The impact of biohazards is primarily concerned with infectious diseases and biological contamination, posing direct threats to health. In contrast, hazards could lead to various outcomes like physical injury, mental health issues, or even economic losses, covering a broader spectrum of potential impacts.