Biomolecule vs. Macromolecule — What's the Difference?

Synthesized naturally by living organisms.

Large molecules that may be biomolecules or synthetic polymers.

Organic molecules that are vital components of living organisms.

Can be found in biological systems or as man-made materials.

Participates in the molecular processes of life, such as metabolism and genetics.

Includes both naturally occurring and industrially synthesized molecules.

Involved in the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells and organs.

Plays roles in various fields, from biology to materials science.

Includes a diverse group of molecules like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Classified based on chemical composition and size, including polymers and complex assemblies.

A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development. Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyanions) such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and natural products.

A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as a protein. They are composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms.

(biochemistry) molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, that occur naturally in living organisms

A very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together. Also called supermolecule.

A very large molecule, especially used in reference to large biological polymers (e.g. nucleic acids and proteins).

A very large molecule, especially a polymer having from hundreds to many thousands of atoms, such as DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharide, polyethylene, polycarbonate, etc.

Any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals

Biomolecules are organic and essential for life, whereas macromolecules can be either biological or synthetic.

Yes, many biomolecules, like proteins and DNA, are also considered macromolecules due to their large size.

Plastics like polyethylene and synthetic fibers like nylon are examples of synthetic macromolecules.

They are used to develop new materials with specific properties for various applications, from packaging to technology.

No, while some macromolecules are biological, others are synthetic and not found in nature.

They act as enzymes, structural components, energy sources, and carriers of genetic information.

Through disciplines like biochemistry and molecular biology, using techniques like microscopy and spectroscopy.

They have diverse impacts, from pollution concerns with non-biodegradable plastics to benefits like medical advances.

They play critical roles in cellular structure, function, and processes like metabolism and genetics.

Yes, especially synthetic ones, which can be engineered for desired properties and functions.

While many biomolecules are universal, their specific forms and functions can vary widely among organisms.

They are used in a wide range of products, from clothing and household items to medical devices and electronics.

Their large size allows for complex structures and functions, which are crucial in biological systems and materials science.

Advances include the synthesis of novel materials, understanding of biological mechanisms, and development of biocompatible materials.

They interact through complex networks of biochemical reactions that sustain life processes.