Bowfin vs. Burbot — What's the Difference?

Bowfin (Amia calva) is a prehistoric fish species native to North America, known for its remarkable resilience and ability to thrive in various freshwater habitats. This fish is distinguished by its long dorsal fin and strong, muscular body, making it a formidable predator in its environment. On the other hand, burbot (Lota lota) is the only freshwater gadiform, related to marine cod and haddock. It is found in cold waters of North America and Eurasia, preferring deeper, colder parts of lakes and rivers. Burbot is renowned for its delicate, cod-like flavor, making it a prized catch for culinary use.

One of the most striking differences between bowfin and burbot is their appearance and physical characteristics. Bowfin has a unique, elongated dorsal fin that runs almost the length of its body, and it possesses a distinct, bony plate near its gills. In contrast, burbot has a more elongated, eel-like body with a single barbel on its chin, resembling marine cod species. This physical distinction is a key identifier between the two species in their natural habitats.

Habitat preferences further distinguish bowfin and burbot. Bowfin are adaptable, found in slow-moving rivers, swamps, and lakes with abundant vegetation, where they can hide and ambush prey. They are capable of breathing air, allowing them to survive in low-oxygen environments. Conversely, burbot favor cold, clear waters and are often found in deep parts of lakes and rivers. They spawn in winter, under the ice, which is unusual for freshwater fish.

Regarding behavior and diet, bowfin are solitary predators, aggressive and opportunistic, feeding on fish, crustaceans, and insects. They are known for their fighting spirit when hooked, providing a challenge for anglers. Burbot, while also predatory, tend to feed at night, preying on fish, worms, and small invertebrates. Their behavior during spawning is unique, with large groups gathering in communal spawning events during the coldest months.

Conservation status and angling interest also vary between the two species. Bowfin, often considered a "trash fish" by some anglers due to its aggressive nature and toughness, has begun to gain respect for its role in maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems. There are no significant conservation concerns for bowfin at present. In contrast, burbot has faced population declines in some areas due to habitat degradation and overfishing, leading to efforts to protect and restore its populations. Its appeal lies not only in sport fishing but also in its value as a food fish.