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Cat vs. Dog — What's the Difference?

By Tayyaba Rehman — Updated on October 3, 2023
Cat is a small carnivorous mammal with retractable claws. Dog is a domesticated mammal known for loyalty and companionship.
Cat vs. Dog — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Cat and Dog

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Key Differences

Cats and dogs are among the most popular domesticated animals, but they have distinct characteristics. Starting with appearance, cats generally possess a graceful and agile build with retractable claws, aiding their tree-climbing abilities. Dogs, however, have a variety of builds depending on the breed, from tiny Chihuahuas to large Great Danes, but all have non-retractable claws.
Behaviorally, cats are often perceived as independent creatures, requiring less attention and interaction than their canine counterparts. They are solitary hunters and usually keep their emotions more guarded. Dogs, conversely, are pack animals, naturally social, and often crave human interaction and companionship. Their behavior ranges from playful to protective.
From a historical perspective, cats were domesticated for their hunting prowess, primarily keeping homes and granaries free from pests. Dogs were domesticated for a broader range of roles, from hunting to herding to guarding, making them closely intertwined with human evolution.
Lastly, communication with humans is different for both. Cats communicate primarily through body language and vocalizations like purring or meowing. Dogs, on the other hand, not only bark or whine but also communicate effectively through body language, especially with their tails.

Comparison Chart

Anatomy

Retractable claws
Non-retractable claws
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Behavior

Independent, solitary hunters
Social, pack animals

Domestication Purpose

Pest control
Hunting, herding, guarding

Lifespan

Generally 12-15 years
Varies by breed, typically 10-15 years

Communication

Body language, purring, meowing
Body language, barking, tail wagging

Compare with Definitions

Cat

A person, especially a man, known for certain characteristics
He's a cool cat.

Dog

(transitive) To criticize.

Cat

Short for catamaran, a type of boat
The cat sailed smoothly on the water.

Dog

A domesticated mammal known for companionship
The dog wagged its tail excitedly.

Cat

The cat (Felis catus) is a domestic species of small carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species in the family Felidae and is often referred to as the domestic cat to distinguish it from the wild members of the family.

Dog

A male canine animal
The dog barked at the intruder.

Cat

A small domesticated carnivorous mammal (Felis catus), kept as a pet and as catcher of vermin, and existing in a variety of breeds.

Dog

Something that fails to meet expectations, especially a show or product
The movie was a real dog.

Cat

Any of various other carnivorous mammals of the family Felidae, including the lion, tiger, leopard, and lynx.

Dog

To persistently trouble or chase someone
Bad memories continued to dog him.

Cat

(Informal) A woman who is regarded as spiteful.

Dog

The domestic dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. The dog derived from an ancient, extinct wolf, and the modern grey wolf is the dog's nearest living relative.

Cat

A person, especially a man.

Dog

A domesticated carnivorous mammal (Canis familiaris syn. Canis lupus subsp. familiaris) occurring as a wide variety of breeds, many of which are traditionally used for hunting, herding, drawing sleds, and other tasks, and are kept as pets.

Cat

A player or devotee of jazz music.

Dog

Any of various carnivorous mammals of the family Canidae, such as the dingo.

Cat

A cat-o'-nine-tails.

Dog

A male animal of the family Canidae, especially of a fox or a domesticated breed.

Cat

A catfish.

Dog

Any of various other animals, such as the prairie dog.

Cat

A cathead.

Dog

A person
You won, you lucky dog.

Cat

A device for raising an anchor to the cathead.

Dog

A person regarded as contemptible
You stole my watch, you dog.

Cat

A catboat.

Dog

A person regarded as unattractive or uninteresting.

Cat

A catamaran.

Dog

Something of inferior or low quality
"The President had read the speech to some of his friends and they told him it was a dog" (John P. Roche).

Cat

To hoist an anchor to (the cathead).

Dog

An investment that produces a low return or a loss.

Cat

An animal of the family Felidae:

Dog

Dogs(Slang) The feet.

Cat

A domesticated species (Felis catus) of feline animal, commonly kept as a house pet.

Dog

See andiron.

Cat

Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.

Dog

(Slang) A hot dog; a wiener.

Cat

A person:

Dog

Any of various hooked or U-shaped metallic devices used for gripping or holding heavy objects.

Cat

(offensive) A spiteful or angry woman.

Dog

(Astronomy) A sundog.

Cat

An enthusiast or player of jazz.

Dog

Totally; completely. Often used in combination
Dog-tired.

Cat

(slang) A person (usually male).

Dog

To track or trail persistently
"A stranger then is still dogging us" (Arthur Conan Doyle).

Cat

(slang) A prostitute.

Dog

To hold or fasten with a mechanical device
"Watertight doors and hatches were dropped into place and dogged down to give the ship full watertight integrity" (Tom Clancy).

Cat

(nautical) A strong tackle used to hoist an anchor to the cathead of a ship.

Dog

To be persistently or inescapably associated with
Questions about his youthful indiscretions dogged him throughout his career.

Cat

Short form of cat-o'-nine-tails.

Dog

To be recurrently or persistently in the mind; haunt
Despair dogged him in his final years.

Cat

(archaic) A sturdy merchant sailing vessel now only in "catboat".

Dog

A mammal of the family Canidae:

Cat

The game of "trap and ball" (also called "cat and dog").

Dog

The species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding.
The dog barked all night long.

Cat

The trap of the game of "trap and ball".

Dog

Any member of the family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives extant and extinct; canid.

Cat

(archaic) The pointed piece of wood that is struck in the game of tipcat.

Dog

A male dog, wolf, or fox, as opposed to a bitch or vixen.

Cat

A vagina, a vulva; the female external genitalia.

Dog

The meat of this animal, eaten as food:
Did you know that in South Korea, they eat dog?

Cat

A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.) with six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position it is placed.

Dog

A person:

Cat

(historical) A wheeled shelter, used in the Middle Ages as a siege weapon to allow assailants to approach enemy defences.

Dog

A dull, unattractive girl or woman.
She’s a real dog.

Cat

(computing) A program and command in Unix that reads one or more files and directs their content to the standard output.

Dog

(slang) A man, guy, chap.
You lucky dog!

Cat

(slang) A street name of the drug methcathinone.

Dog

(derogatory) Someone who is cowardly, worthless, or morally reprehensible.
Come back and fight, you dogs!
You dirty dog.

Cat

Abbreviation of catapult
A carrier's bow cats

Dog

A mechanical device or support:

Cat

Abbreviation of catalytic converter

Dog

Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.

Cat

Abbreviation of catamaran

Dog

A click or pallet adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet wheel, to restrain the back action.

Cat

Abbreviation of category

Dog

A metal support for logs in a fireplace.
The dogs were too hot to touch.

Cat

Abbreviation of catfish

Dog

(cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.

Cat

Abbreviation of caterpillar

Dog

A hot dog: a frankfurter, wiener, or similar sausage; or a sandwich made from this.

Cat

(slang) Any of a variety of earth-moving machines. (from their manufacturer Caterpillar Inc.)

Dog

Underdog.

Cat

A ground vehicle which uses caterpillar tracks, especially tractors, trucks, minibuses, and snow groomers.

Dog

Foot.

Cat

Abbreviation of computed axial tomographyOften used attributively, as in “CAT scan” or “CT scan”.

Dog

(Cockney rhyming slang) (from "dog and bone") Phone or mobile phone.

Cat

To hoist (the anchor) by its ring so that it hangs at the cathead.

Dog

One of the cones used to divide up a racetrack when training horses.

Cat

To flog with a cat-o'-nine-tails.

Dog

(informal) Something that performs poorly.
That modification turned his Dodge hemi into a dog.

Cat

(slang) To vomit.

Dog

(film) A flop; a film that performs poorly at the box office.

Cat

To go wandering at night.

Dog

(transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch.

Cat

To gossip in a catty manner.

Dog

(transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.
The woman cursed him so that trouble would dog his every step.

Cat

To apply the cat command to (one or more files).

Dog

To fasten a hatch securely.
It is very important to dog down these hatches.

Cat

To dump large amounts of data on (an unprepared target), usually with no intention of browsing it carefully.

Dog

To intentionally restrict one's productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.
A surprise inspection of the night shift found that some workers were dogging it.

Cat

Catastrophic; terrible, disastrous.
The weather was cat, so they returned home early.

Dog

To divide (a watch) with a comrade.

Cat

Any animal belonging to the natural family Felidae, and in particular to the various species of the genera Felis, Panthera, and Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus). The larger felines, such as the lion, tiger, leopard, and cougar, are often referred to as cats, and sometimes as big cats. See Wild cat, and Tiger cat.
Laying aside their often rancorous debate over how best to preserve the Florida panther, state and federal wildlife officials, environmentalists, and independent scientists endorsed the proposal, and in 1995 the eight cats [female Texas cougars] were brought from Texas and released. . . . Uprooted from the arid hills of West Texas, three of the imports have died, but the remaining five adapted to swamp life and have each given birth to at least one litter of kittens.

Dog

(slang) Of inferior quality; dogshit.

Cat

A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.

Dog

A quadruped of the genus Canis, esp. the domestic dog (Canis familiaris).

Cat

A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position it is placed.

Dog

A mean, worthless fellow; a wretch.
What is thy servant, which is but a dog, that he should do this great thing?

Cat

An old game;

Dog

A fellow; - used humorously or contemptuously; as, a sly dog; a lazy dog.

Cat

Same as cat o' nine tails; as, British sailors feared the cat.

Dog

One of the two constellations, Canis Major and Canis Minor, or the Greater Dog and the Lesser Dog. Canis Major contains the Dog Star (Sirius).

Cat

A catamaran.

Dog

An iron for holding wood in a fireplace; a firedog; an andiron.

Cat

To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor.

Dog

A grappling iron, with a claw or claws, for fastening into wood or other heavy articles, for the purpose of raising or moving them.

Cat

Feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar; domestic cats; wildcats

Dog

An ugly or crude person, especially an ugly woman.

Cat

An informal term for a youth or man;
A nice guy
The guy's only doing it for some doll

Dog

A hot dog.

Cat

A spiteful woman gossip;
What a cat she is!

Dog

To hunt or track like a hound; to follow insidiously or indefatigably; to chase with a dog or dogs; to worry, as if by dogs; to hound with importunity.
I have been pursued, dogged, and waylaid.
Your sins will dog you, pursue you.
Eager ill-bred petitioners, who do not so properly supplicate as hunt the person whom they address to, dogging him from place to place, till they even extort an answer to their rude requests.

Cat

The leaves of the shrub Catha edulis which are chewed like tobacco or used to make tea; has the effect of a euphoric stimulant;
In Yemen kat is used daily by 85% of adults

Dog

A member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds;
The dog barked all night

Cat

A whip with nine knotted cords;
British sailors feared the cat

Dog

A dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman;
She got a reputation as a frump
She's a real dog

Cat

A large vehicle that is driven by caterpillar tracks; frequently used for moving earth in construction and farm work

Dog

Informal term for a man;
You lucky dog

Cat

Any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild

Dog

Someone who is morally reprehensible;
You dirty dog

Cat

A method of examining body organs by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis

Dog

A smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll

Cat

Beat with a cat-o'-nine-tails

Dog

A hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward

Cat

Eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth;
After drinking too much, the students vomited
He purged continuously
The patient regurgitated the food we gave him last night

Dog

Metal supports for logs in a fireplace;
The andirons were too hot to touch

Cat

A small domesticated carnivorous mammal
The cat climbed onto the roof.

Dog

Go after with the intent to catch;
The policeman chased the mugger down the alley
The dog chased the rabbit

Cat

A feline animal
A lion is a wild cat.

Dog

A derogatory term for an unattractive or unpleasant person
Don't be such a dog.

Cat

A machine or tool, like a caterpillar tractor
The cat moved the dirt easily.

Common Curiosities

Are all cats independent and all dogs sociable?

While cats are generally more independent and dogs more social, there are individual variances based on breed and upbringing.

Which has retractable claws, cats or dogs?

Cats have retractable claws, while dogs have non-retractable ones.

Can a cat be trained like a dog?

Cats can be trained, but their training approach and responsiveness are different from dogs.

Can cats and dogs live harmoniously together?

Yes, with proper introduction and training, many cats and dogs can coexist peacefully.

How long is the typical lifespan of a cat compared to a dog?

Cats generally live 12-15 years, while dogs' lifespan varies by breed, often ranging from 10-15 years.

Do cats and dogs communicate differently?

Yes, cats primarily use body language and vocalizations, while dogs use body language, barking, and tail wagging.

Which is easier to care for, a cat or a dog?

It varies by individual preference. Cats are often seen as lower maintenance, while dogs may require more attention.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Tayyaba Rehman
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.

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