Comfrey vs. Boneset — What's the Difference?

Comfrey, scientifically known as Symphytum officinale, is a perennial herb recognized for its broad, hairy leaves and bell-shaped flowers, typically purple, pink, or white. It has a long history in herbal medicine, primarily used for its ability to speed up the healing of wounds, bruises, sprains, and broken bones when applied externally. In contrast, boneset, Eupatorium perfoliatum, features narrow, lance-shaped leaves and clusters of small, white flowers. It has been traditionally used to treat fevers, influenza, and cold symptoms, administered as a tea made from its leaves and flowers.

The active compounds in comfrey, including allantoin, rosmarinic acid, and mucilage, contribute to its anti-inflammatory and cell proliferative properties, which are beneficial for skin and bone healing. On the other hand, boneset contains several compounds such as flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones, which are thought to support the immune system and reduce inflammation, making it effective in treating symptoms of colds and flu.

Comfrey is advised to be used topically due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be harmful if ingested, leading to liver damage. Therefore, its internal use is generally discouraged. Conversely, boneset was historically used both internally and externally, but its internal use should be approached with caution due to potential side effects, including liver toxicity if used in large quantities or for extended periods.

Both herbs have been valued in traditional medicine for centuries; however, their uses and applications differ significantly. Comfrey is often found in salves and ointments for external application on the skin, while boneset is typically prepared as a tea or tincture for internal use to alleviate fever and respiratory symptoms.

The cultivation and care of these plants also differ. Comfrey thrives in moist, fertile soil and can be propagated from root cuttings, whereas boneset prefers wet habitats, like those near streams or in marshes, and can be grown from seeds or by dividing the plant in spring or fall.