Cyst vs. Polyp — What's the Difference?

A cyst is a closed, capsule-like structure that can develop in various body tissues. It typically contains fluid, semi-solid, or gaseous material. Cysts can be found in different parts of the body, including the skin, ovaries, and kidneys. Polyps, in contrast, are growths that protrude from a mucous membrane, most commonly found in areas like the colon, nose, and uterus. Unlike cysts, polyps are firmly attached to the underlying tissue.

The formation of a cyst usually involves the abnormal collection of fluid in a new tissue growth. Cysts can be caused by infections, blockages of ducts, or chronic inflammatory conditions. Polyps, however, grow due to the abnormal proliferation of the mucous membrane cells and are often associated with inflammation or genetic mutations.

Cysts are generally benign and do not usually lead to cancer. They might not cause symptoms unless they grow large, rupture, or become infected. Polyps vary in their potential to become cancerous, with some types like colon polyps having a known risk for developing into cancer, especially if they are left untreated over a long time.

Diagnosis of a cyst often involves imaging tests like ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs, and sometimes a biopsy to rule out malignancy. For polyps, diagnosis typically involves endoscopic examinations like colonoscopies or nasal endoscopies, often followed by a biopsy to assess the risk of cancer.

Treatment for cysts may include monitoring, drainage, or surgical removal, depending on the size, location, and symptoms. Polyps are usually removed surgically, especially if there is a risk of cancer, and regular monitoring is often recommended to watch for new growths.