Equity vs. Capital — What's the Difference?
By Fiza Rafique & Urooj Arif — Updated on April 14, 2024
Equity represents ownership value in an asset after liabilities are subtracted, while capital generally refers to the financial resources available for use, including investments and assets.
Difference Between Equity and Capital
Table of Contents
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Key Differences
Equity is the value of an owner's interest in a property or business, derived by subtracting liabilities from the total assets. On the other hand, capital encompasses any financial assets or resources available to a business or individual, including equity, debt, and other funding sources.
Equity is specifically tied to ownership and represents a residual claim on assets after all debts are settled. Whereas capital is used more broadly and includes the total financial resources used to fund operations and growth.
Equity can increase as a business becomes more profitable or as it appreciates in value. Conversely, capital can be raised through various means such as issuing stock, taking on debt, or reinvesting profits.
In terms of risk, equity holders typically face higher risks because they are paid last in the event of liquidation. In contrast, other forms of capital such as debt are often secured and have priority over equity in claims.
The returns on equity can be variable and potentially higher, reflecting the higher risk, while returns on other capital forms, like debt, tend to be fixed or less variable.
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Comparison Chart
Definition
Ownership value in an asset after subtracting liabilities
Financial resources used for operations
Forms
Common stock, retained earnings
Debt, equity, retained earnings
Risk
Higher, dependent on business performance
Varies, generally lower for debt
Return
Potentially high but variable
Can be fixed (debt) or variable (equity)
Legal Claim
Residual claim after debts
Prior claim depending on the form
Compare with Definitions
Equity
The net value of an asset after deducting what is owed on it.
After paying off the mortgage, the equity in her house increased.
Capital
Financial assets or resources owned by an individual or organization.
The startup raised capital by issuing new shares.
Equity
The value of shares issued by a company.
He owns significant equity in the company, reflecting his large shareholding.
Capital
Wealth in the form of money or other assets.
She invested her capital in a portfolio of bonds and stocks.
Equity
Interest or ownership in any asset.
Equity investors stand to gain if the business succeeds.
Capital
Fund accumulated to support ongoing development and growth.
Reinvested profits are a major source of capital for the company.
Equity
The value representing ownership in a firm, differentiated by stocks.
Equity holders often receive dividends as a return on investment.
Capital
Resources available for use in the production of further wealth.
Access to capital is critical for any new business.
Equity
Financial value calculated by assets minus liabilities.
The company’s equity grew as its profits increased over the years.
Capital
The total financial investment used in a business by the owners.
They increased the store's operating capital with a small business loan.
Equity
The state or quality of being just and fair.
Capital
The city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region
Warsaw is the capital of Poland
Equity
Something that is just and fair.
Capital
Wealth in the form of money or other assets owned by a person or organization or available for a purpose such as starting a company or investing
Rates of return on invested capital were high
Equity
Justice achieved not simply according to the strict letter of the law but in accordance with principles of substantial justice and the unique facts of the case.
Capital
A letter of the size and form used to begin sentences and names
He wrote the name in capitals
Equity
See court of equity.
Capital
The distinct, typically broader section at the head of a pillar or column
The pillars have moulded capitals
Equity
An equitable right or claim
An analysis of the equities and inequities brought about by the current trade bill.
Capital
(of a letter of the alphabet) large in size and of the form used to begin sentences and names.
Equity
Ownership interest in a corporation, property, or other holding, usually calculated as the value of the holding after subtracting any debt or liabilities.
Capital
Excellent
He's a really capital fellow
Equity
Equities Shares of common stock or preferred stock.
Capital
Used to express approval, satisfaction, or delight
That's splendid! Capital!
Equity
The value of a brand's reputation.
Capital
A town or city that is the official seat of government in a political entity, such as a state or nation.
Equity
Representing an ownership interest
An equity stake.
Capital
A city that is the center of a specific activity or industry
The financial capital of the world.
Equity
Of or relating to stocks
An equity mutual fund.
Capital
Wealth, especially in the form of financial or physical assets, used in the production or accumulation of more wealth.
Equity
Subordinated to all other claims on income, earnings, or assets
The equity tranche.
Capital
Accumulated assets or advantages used for economic or political gain
"The president lacks the political capital to override their objections" (The Economist).
Equity
Fairness, impartiality, or justice as determined in light of "natural law" or "natural right".
Capital
The money invested in a corporation, including debt and equity.
Equity
(legal) Various related senses originating with the Court of Chancery in late Medieval England
Capital
Net worth.
Equity
(legal) The power of a court of law having extra-statutory discretion, to decide legal matters and to provide legal relief apart from, though not in violation of, the prevailing legal code; in some cases, a court "sitting in equity" may provide relief to a complainant should the code be found either inapplicable or insufficient to do so.
Capital
Capital stock.
Equity
(legal) A right which accrues to a party in a transaction because of the nature of the transaction itself, and which is exercisable upon a change of circumstances or conditions; in other words, an equitable claim.
Capital
Capitalists considered as a group or class.
Equity
The body of law which was developed in the English Court of Chancery, which Court had extra-statutory discretion, and is now administered alongside the common law of Britain.
Capital
A capital letter.
Equity
(finance) Various senses related to net value
Capital
The top part of a pillar or column, typically having an ornamental design.
Equity
Value of property minus liens or other encumbrances.
Home equity
I have a lot of equity in my house.
Capital
First and foremost; principal
A decision of capital importance.
Equity
(business) Ownership, especially in terms of net monetary value of some business.
Capital
First-rate; excellent
A capital idea.
Equity
(accounting) Ownership interest in a company as determined by subtracting liabilities from assets.
Capital
Relating to or being a seat of government.
Equity
(poker) A player's expected share of the pot.
Capital
Extremely serious
A capital blunder.
Equity
(nonstandard) Equality
Capital
Of or relating to financial assets, especially being or related to those financial assets that add to the net worth of a business
Made capital improvements at the plant site.
Equity
Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality.
Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity.
Capital
Relating to or being a capital letter.
Equity
An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a settlement, or wife's equity, etc.
I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.
Capital
Already-produced durable goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures).
Equity
A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it.
Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application.
Capital
Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.
He does not have enough capital to start a business.
Equity
The difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it
Capital
(countable) A city designated as a legislative seat by the government or some other authority, often the city in which the government is located; otherwise the most important city within a country or a subdivision of it.
Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.
The Welsh government claims that Cardiff is Europe’s youngest capital.
Equity
The ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation
Capital
(countable) The most important city in the field specified.
Equity
Conformity with rules or standards;
The judge recognized the fairness of my claim
Capital
(countable) An uppercase letter.
Capital
The uppermost part of a column.
Capital
(uncountable) Knowledge; awareness; proficiency.
Interpreters need a good amount of cultural capital in order to function efficiently in the profession.
Capital
The chief or most important thing.
Capital
Of prime importance.
Capital
Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation.
London and Paris are capital cities.
Capital
Excellent.
That is a capital idea!
Capital
Uppercase.
One begins a sentence with a capital letter.
Capital
Used to emphasise greatness or absoluteness
You're a genius with a capital G!
He's dead with a capital D!
Capital
Of or relating to the head.
Capital
Of or pertaining to the head.
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruiseExpect with mortal pain.
Capital
First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity.
Capital
Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital cities.
Capital
Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song.
Capital
The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and necking. See these terms, and Column.
Capital
The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis.
Capital
That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in production.
Capital
Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture.
Capital
An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts.
Capital
A chapter, or section, of a book.
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital.
Capital
Assets available for use in the production of further assets
Capital
Wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value
Capital
A seat of government
Capital
One of the large alphabetic characters used as the first letter in writing or printing proper names and sometimes for emphasis;
Printers once kept the type for capitals and for small letters in separate cases; capitals were kept in the upper half of the type case and so became known as upper-case letters
Capital
A book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories
Capital
The upper part of a column that supports the entablature
Capital
First-rate;
A capital fellow
A capital idea
Capital
Of primary important;
Our capital concern was to avoid defeat
Capital
Uppercase;
Capital A
Great A
Many medieval manuscripts are in majuscule script
Common Curiosities
What is the main difference between equity and capital?
Equity refers to ownership value in a business or asset, while capital is the total financial resources available.
What types of capital are there?
Capital can be classified as debt or equity, along with reinvested earnings and borrowed funds.
Is equity always positive?
No, equity can be negative if liabilities exceed assets.
Can equity be part of capital?
Yes, equity is a component of capital, which also includes debt and other funding sources.
How do companies increase their equity?
Companies can increase equity through profits, additional investment by owners, or asset appreciation.
Which is riskier, equity or debt?
Equity is generally riskier as it depends on business performance and has residual claims.
What is working capital?
Working capital is the capital available in the short term to manage day-to-day operations.
Why is access to capital important for startups?
Startups need capital to scale operations, develop products, and compete in the market.
Can an individual have negative equity?
Yes, if an individual’s debts exceed the value of their assets, they have negative equity.
How does an increase in capital affect a company?
An increase in capital typically allows for expanded operations and potential growth.
What role does equity play in personal finance?
In personal finance, equity is important as it represents an individual’s net worth or asset value after liabilities.
Can capital decrease?
Yes, if a business incurs losses or depletes its assets, its capital can decrease.
Are dividends a form of equity return?
Yes, dividends are returns paid to equity holders out of the company’s profits.
How is capital raised?
Capital can be raised through equity, debt issuance, or internal generation like retained earnings.
What happens to equity when a company goes bankrupt?
In bankruptcy, equity holders are the last to be paid, after all other creditors.
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Fiza RafiqueFiza Rafique is a skilled content writer at AskDifference.com, where she meticulously refines and enhances written pieces. Drawing from her vast editorial expertise, Fiza ensures clarity, accuracy, and precision in every article. Passionate about language, she continually seeks to elevate the quality of content for readers worldwide.
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Urooj ArifUrooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.