Eros vs. Cupid — What's the Difference?

Eros is often depicted in ancient art as a handsome and powerful young man, embodying idealized youthful beauty and the irresistible power of attraction. This portrayal contrasts with Cupid’s more innocent and whimsical image, highlighting the Romans' adaptation of the god to symbolize the playful aspects of love, often focusing on the lighter, romantic side rather than the primal forces of desire.

The myths surrounding Eros are diverse and complex, reflecting his status as a primordial god. He is sometimes shown playing a role in the creation of the world and the birth of gods and mortals. Cupid's myths, however, are more uniform and often involve humorous tales of love and desire, focusing on his relationships with gods and mortals alike, including his romantic stories with Psyche, which emphasize the trials and tribulations of love.

Eros' influence extends beyond the realm of mythology into philosophical discussions, particularly in works like Plato’s "Symposium," where he is discussed in terms of metaphysical desire and the pursuit of beauty and goodness. Cupid, while also a figure in literature and art, is more commonly associated with Valentine's Day and the commercialized aspects of love, demonstrating the cultural differences in how love and desire are conceptualized between the Greek and Roman societies.

The worship of Eros in ancient Greece involved rites and rituals celebrating the natural forces of life and creation, recognizing his role in fertility and the continuation of society. Cupid’s veneration in Rome did not have the same depth, focusing more on his role as a symbol of romantic love, often celebrated in festivals like Lupercalia, which later influenced modern Valentine’s Day traditions.