Falsework vs. Formwork — What's the Difference?

Falsework is a temporary framework employed in construction to support both the materials being used in the construction and the permanent structure until it becomes self-supporting. It is often used in bridge and large building construction to hold up parts of the structure during assembly. On the other hand, formwork specifically refers to the molds into which concrete is poured to shape structural elements like columns, walls, and slabs. Formwork directly shapes the concrete, whereas falsework supports the overall structure or complex components during construction.

Falsework is typically used in scenarios where large or complex structures need additional support during the construction phase, such as in the erection of arches or spans in bridge construction. It can consist of a variety of materials, including steel, timber, or proprietary systems, designed to support significant weight and stress. In contrast, formwork is constructed closer to the ground level and is critical for defining the final dimensions and surface texture of concrete elements. It is often made from timber, plywood, steel, or plastic, and its design considers the fluid nature of concrete and the need for easy removal once the concrete has set.

The design of falsework takes into account the overall load-bearing requirements of the construction project, including the weight of the structure, workers, and equipment. It is engineered to ensure stability and safety throughout the construction process. Formwork design, however, focuses on the specific requirements of the concrete element being cast, including shape, size, and surface finish, as well as the pressure exerted by the wet concrete.

Falsework is removed once the permanent structure is capable of supporting itself and any loads placed upon it. This removal process requires careful planning to ensure the integrity of the structure. Formwork is also removed after the concrete has gained sufficient strength, but this process is often quicker and less complex than dismantling falsework, as formwork is designed for easy stripping from the hardened concrete.

While both falsework and formwork are essential in construction projects involving concrete and other materials, they serve distinct purposes: falsework provides broad support during the building phase, and formwork offers precise molds for shaping concrete components.