Fez vs. Tarboosh — What's the Difference?

The fez, characterized by its red color, cylindrical shape, and black tassel, is traditionally associated with the Ottoman Empire and has become a symbol of various Eastern cultures. Whereas the tarboosh, essentially identical in physical appearance to the fez, is more specifically tied to Egyptian and broader North African cultural identities. While the terms are often used interchangeably due to their similar appearances, their cultural connotations differ.

In terms of history, the fez became widely adopted across the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century as part of modernization efforts, signifying a move away from the traditional turban. On the other hand, the tarboosh has roots in Ottoman-influenced Egypt and North Africa, where it was adopted into local dress codes, blending with indigenous styles and signifying a form of local identity under Ottoman influence.

Culturally, the fez is associated with a wide range of territories once under Ottoman rule, symbolizing a connection to the empire's legacy. The tarboosh, however, holds a more specific place in North African identity, representing a blend of Ottoman influence and local tradition, particularly in countries like Egypt.

While both headgears have seen a decline in everyday use, influenced by changing fashion and political shifts, the fez occasionally appears in traditional ceremonies or as part of cultural heritage expressions. Conversely, the tarboosh is often seen in historical contexts or as a symbol of cultural pride in specific North African communities.

The production and craftsmanship of both the fez and tarboosh remain a testament to traditional hat-making skills. However, artisans who specialize in these headdresses often emphasize the cultural heritage and historical significance of their craft, differentiating between the two based on regional traditions and historical context.