Forest vs. Rainforest — What's the Difference?

Forests are diverse ecosystems that can exist in various climates, ranging from the cold boreal forests near the Arctic to the temperate forests found in many regions around the world. They are characterized by their tree coverage, which can vary in density, species, and size. Rainforests, on the other hand, are specific types of forests characterized by high rainfall, typically exceeding 1750-2000 mm (69-78 inches) annually, and are primarily located near the Earth's equator.

While all rainforests are forests, not all forests are rainforests. Rainforests are known for their incredible biodiversity, housing a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are not found anywhere else in the world. Other types of forests, such as deciduous or coniferous forests, have their own unique ecosystems but generally do not support the same level of biodiversity as rainforests.

Rainforests play a crucial role in the Earth's climate system, acting as significant carbon sinks that help regulate global temperatures. While forests, in general, contribute to carbon sequestration, rainforests are particularly efficient due to their dense vegetation and rapid biomass turnover. In contrast, other forest types, such as boreal forests, store carbon primarily in soil and biomass but at a different scale.

The distinction between forests and rainforests is not only ecological but also climatic. Rainforests are found in regions with consistently high humidity and temperatures throughout the year, contributing to their dense undergrowth and canopy layers. Other forest types experience more varied seasonal changes, which influence their flora and fauna differently.