Ask Difference

History vs. Literature — What's the Difference?

By Tayyaba Rehman — Updated on September 21, 2023
History is the study of past events and their impact, while literature encompasses written works, especially those considered artistic value. History records facts; literature expresses emotions and ideas.
History vs. Literature — What's the Difference?

Difference Between History and Literature

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Key Differences

History and literature, while distinct fields, often intertwine in their exploration of the human experience. History delves into the chronological events that have shaped societies, nations, and cultures. It strives for factual accuracy, relying on evidence, artifacts, and primary sources to reconstruct the past. Researchers of history aim to understand the context, causes, and consequences of significant events, as well as the roles of individuals and groups.
Literature, in contrast, is an artistic expression through written words. It encompasses a broad range of genres including novels, poetry, plays, and more. Literature doesn't necessarily aim for factual accuracy but often seeks to evoke emotions, explore human nature, and address universal themes. Through literature, authors offer insights, reflections, and critiques of the world, both real and imagined.
Yet, the boundary between history and literature is sometimes blurred. Historical novels, for instance, combine rigorous research with creative storytelling. While they may incorporate true events or figures, they also allow room for imagination. Similarly, primary historical sources like diaries or letters can be seen as both historical documents and pieces of literature, offering both factual accounts and personal reflections.
Furthermore, both history and literature influence and reflect each other. Historical contexts often shape literary movements, while literature can offer unique perspectives on historical periods. To truly grasp an era, one might consult both its historical records and its literary works.

Comparison Chart

Nature

Factual account of past events
Artistic expression through written words
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Purpose

Understanding past events and their implications
Evoke emotions, explore human nature, themes

Reliability

Aims for objective truth
Subjective, open to interpretation

Source Types

Artifacts, primary documents, archives
Novels, poetry, plays, essays

Interaction with Reality

Primarily concerned with actual events
Can be fictional or based on real events

Compare with Definitions

History

The study of past events, particularly in human affairs.
The history of ancient Egypt fascinates many scholars.

Literature

Written works considered of superior or lasting value.
The literature of the Romantic period is characterized by emotion and nature.

History

A continuous, typically chronological, record of significant events.
She kept a detailed history of her travels.

Literature

Material printed or written for distribution.
The company produces literature promoting its products.

History

Past events relating to a particular subject or place.
The history of the Renaissance is filled with art and innovation.

Literature

Written works, especially those with artistic value.
Shakespeare's plays are a cornerstone of English literature.

History

A person's past experiences or background.
He has a history of volunteering in his community.

Literature

Books and writings on a particular subject.
There's a vast literature on climate change.

History

History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past. Events before the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory.

Literature

The profession or art of a writer.
She decided to pursue a career in literature.

History

A chronological record of events, as of the life or development of a people or institution, often including an explanation of or commentary on those events
A history of the Vikings.

Literature

Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed.

History

A formal written account of related natural phenomena
A history of volcanoes.

Literature

Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit
A great work of literature

History

A record of a patient's general medical background
Took the patient's history.

Literature

The body of written works of a language, period, or culture.

History

An established condition or pattern of behavior
An inmate with a history of mental illness and drug abuse.

Literature

Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value
"Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity" (Rebecca West).

History

The branch of knowledge that records and analyzes past events
"History has a long-range perspective" (Elizabeth Gurley Flynn).

Literature

The art or occupation of a literary writer.

History

The past events relating to a particular thing
The history of their rivalry is full of intrigue.

Literature

The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field
Medical literature.

History

The aggregate of past events or human affairs
Basic tools used throughout history.

Literature

Printed material
Collected all the available literature on the subject.

History

An interesting past
A house with history.

Literature

(Music) All the compositions of a certain kind or for a specific instrument or ensemble
The symphonic literature.

History

Something that belongs to the past
Their troubles are history now.

Literature

The body of all written works.

History

(Slang) One that is no longer worth consideration
Why should we worry about him? He's history!.

Literature

The collected creative writing of a nation, people, group, or culture.

History

A drama based on historical events
The histories of Shakespeare.

Literature

(usually preceded by the) All the papers, treatises, etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject.

History

The aggregate of past events.
History repeats itself if we don’t learn from its mistakes.

Literature

Written fiction of a high standard.
However, even “literary” science fiction rarely qualifies as literature, because it treats characters as sets of traits rather than as fully realized human beings with unique life stories. —Adam Cadre, 2008

History

The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
He teaches history at the university.
History will not look kindly on these tyrants.
He dreams of an invention that will make history.

Literature

Learning; acquaintance with letters or books.

History

The portion of the past that is known and recorded by this field of study, as opposed to all earlier and unknown times that preceded it (prehistory).
In all of human history and prehistory
In all recorded history

Literature

The collective body of literary productions, embracing the entire results of knowledge and fancy preserved in writing; also, the whole body of literary productions or writings upon a given subject, or in reference to a particular science or branch of knowledge, or of a given country or period; as, the literature of Biblical criticism; the literature of chemistry.

History

(countable) A set of events involving an entity.
What is your medical history?
The family's history includes events best forgotten.
A long and sordid history

Literature

The class of writings distinguished for beauty of style or expression, as poetry, essays, or history, in distinction from scientific treatises and works which contain positive knowledge; belles-lettres.

History

(countable) A record or narrative description of past events.
I really enjoyed Shakespeare's tragedies more than his histories.
A short history of post-Columbian colonization

Literature

The occupation, profession, or business of doing literary work.
The origin of all positive science and philosophy, as well as of all literature and art, in the forms in which they exist in civilized Europe, must be traced to the Greeks.
Learning thy talent is, but mine is sense.
Some gentlemen, abounding in their university erudition, fill their sermons with philosophical terms.

History

A list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.
A personal medical history is required for the insurance policy.
He has a history of cancer in his family.
This diagnosis is usually based solely on the history and physical examination, although laboratory tests are occasionally also obtained.

Literature

Creative writing of recognized artistic value

History

A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser.
I visited a great site yesterday but forgot the URL. Luckily, I didn't clear my history.

Literature

The humanistic study of a body of literature;
He took a course in Russian lit

History

(informal) Something that no longer exists or is no longer relevant.
I told him that if he doesn't get his act together, he's history.

Literature

Published writings in a particular style on a particular subject;
The technical literature
One aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature

History

(uncountable) Shared experience or interaction.
There is too much history between them for them to split up now.
He has had a lot of history with the police.

Literature

The profession or art of a writer;
Her place in literature is secure

History

(obsolete) To narrate or record.

History

A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

History

A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a romance; - distinguished also from annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory.
Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul.
For aught that I could ever read,Could ever hear by tale or history.
What histories of toil could I declare!
Justly Cæsar scorns the poet's lays;It is to history he trusts for praise.
No more yet of this;For 't is a chronicle of day by day,Not a relation for a breakfast.
Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion.

History

To narrate or record.

History

The aggregate of past events;
A critical time in the school's history

History

The continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future;
All of human history

History

A record or narrative description of past events;
A history of France
He gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
The story of exposure to lead

History

The discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings;
He teaches Medieval history
History takes the long view

History

All that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge;
The dawn of recorded history
From the beginning of history

History

The development of a phenomenon over a period.
The history of the automobile traces back to the 19th century.

Common Curiosities

Can literature be considered a source for history?

Yes, literature can provide insights into the cultural and societal contexts of an era.

How does literature affect our understanding of history?

Literature provides personal, emotional, and cultural dimensions to historical events and eras.

Do historical events influence literature?

Absolutely, historical events often shape literary works and movements.

Is history always objective and factual?

While history aims for objectivity, interpretations and perspectives can vary.

Can a work of literature be completely fictional and still offer historical value?

Yes, even fictional works can reflect the beliefs, values, and concerns of their time.

Why do some novels blend history and literature?

Blending allows authors to delve deep into historical contexts while also employing creative freedom.

Can history be written in a narrative or storytelling format?

Yes, many historians use narrative techniques to make their accounts more engaging.

Do all societies have a written history and literature?

Not all; some cultures rely on oral traditions for both history and storytelling.

Are autobiographies considered history or literature?

They can be both; autobiographies offer personal histories and can also be valued for their literary qualities.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Tayyaba Rehman
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.

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