Hoof vs. Paw — What's the Difference?

A hoof is composed of tough keratin, similar to human nails, and covers the end of the toes in ungulate animals such as horses, cows, and goats. This structure helps support the considerable weight of these animals and provides durability for movement over various terrains. On the other hand, a paw includes a soft pad and claws, found in animals like dogs and cats, designed to cushion the impact of movement and allow for agile maneuvers, as well as aiding in hunting or self-defense.

Hooves are singular structures that encompass the toe or toes of an animal, usually evolved to aid in fast and efficient running and minimal resistance against the ground. Paws, however, have multiple components including pads and digits that can move independently, aiding in gripping surfaces, and are typically covered with fur for additional protection against environmental elements.

The maintenance of hooves involves regular trimming and sometimes shoeing by a farrier to prevent overgrowth and wear that can lead to discomfort or injury. In contrast, paws generally require less specialized care, though they still need regular checks for injuries, debris, and excessive claw growth which can affect an animal’s comfort and health.

In terms of adaptation, hooves have evolved to enhance an animal's ability to travel long distances or achieve high speeds on open terrains such as plains. Conversely, paws have adapted to a variety of habitats, from urban environments to dense forests, where precision, flexibility, and protection from rough surfaces are necessary.

Hoofed animals (ungulates) are predominantly herbivores, using their specialized feet for escape from predators through speed and endurance. Animals with paws include both carnivores and omnivores, using their versatile feet for a range of activities from hunting to climbing and digging.