Included vs. Including — What's the Difference?
By Fiza Rafique & Urooj Arif — Updated on May 13, 2024
"Included" refers to items already part of a set or list, whereas "including" introduces specific examples or items that are part of a larger group.
Difference Between Included and Including
Table of Contents
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Key Differences
"Included" is often used in contexts where the elements are a fixed part of a package or list. Whereas "including" serves to specify elements that exemplify or are part of a broader category without necessarily listing all components.
In a sentence, 'included' typically appears as a past participle, suggesting that the inclusion is complete. On the other hand, "including" is used as a gerund, indicating the action of incorporation is ongoing or part of the description.
For example, a tour package might say, 'meals included,' implying that meals are already part of the price. Conversely, a brochure may list features of a tour with "including guided tours of museums," suggesting these are notable parts of the offering.
"Included" usually does not follow directly after its subject and is often separated by a verb or preposition. In contrast, "including" typically directly follows the noun it qualifies, providing immediate specification.
Usage of 'included' suggests a sense of completeness and finality about the items being part of the list. "Including," however, implies that while the mentioned items are included, there may be more to the list than what is specified.
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In legal or formal documents, 'included' can signify that the items are comprehensively listed as part of the document’s provisions. Whereas "including" might be used to introduce examples that are part of but not limiting to the scope of the document.
Comparison Chart
Function
Acts as an adjective or verb to denote inclusion.
Introduces additional items or examples.
Example Placement
Usually comes after a statement of inclusion.
Directly follows the noun it modifies.
Implication
Conveys a sense of completeness.
Suggests the possibility of additional items.
Common Usage
Found in statements that list contents or terms.
Used to specify parts of a larger group.
Grammatical Role
Often used as a past participle.
Used as a present participle or gerund.
Compare with Definitions
Included
Comprised as part of the whole.
Taxes are included in the final price.
Including
Enumerating among other things.
She has interests in many areas, including science and literature.
Included
Already a part of the described set.
The subscription service included access to premium channels.
Including
Used to introduce examples.
There are many activities available, including swimming and hiking.
Included
Constituting a part of something.
All included items were listed in the document.
Including
Comprising as a part of a group with other items.
The menu offers several options, including vegetarian dishes.
Included
Enclosed within the scope or range.
Accessories included with the device enhance its functionality.
Including
Indicating the presence of additional elements.
The package comes with several features, including a warranty.
Included
Specified as contained within another thing.
The fee included all necessary materials.
Including
Serving to add items to a list.
Many historical figures, including Lincoln, stayed here.
Included
(Botany) Not protruding beyond a surrounding part, as stamens that do not project from a corolla.
Including
Containing as part of the whole being considered
Weapons were recovered from the house, including a shotgun
Languages including Welsh and Gaelic
Included
(Mathematics) Formed by and between two intersecting straight lines
An included angle.
Including
To contain or take in as a part, element, or member.
Included
Simple past tense and past participle of include
Including
To consider as part of or allow into a group or class
Thanked the host for including us.
Included
Inclosed; confined.
Including
Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.
All you have to do is to fill in the details, including your name and address and the amount you wish to give.
Included
Enclosed in the same envelope or package;
The included check
Including
Introducing a finite clause.
Common Curiosities
Can 'including' ever imply completeness?
Typically, "including" suggests a sample rather than an exhaustive list, indicating there may be more items not mentioned.
Can 'included' and 'including' be used interchangeably?
No, because they serve different grammatical purposes and imply different extents of inclusion.
Does 'including' always follow a noun directly?
Generally, yes, "including" follows the noun it modifies directly, making the sentence clear and specific.
How does 'including' affect the interpretation of a sentence?
"Including" can expand the understanding of a category by specifying examples, suggesting broader applicability or variety.
What are the implications of using 'included' in a transaction?
Using "included" indicates that all elements are clearly stated and accounted for in the transaction, leaving no ambiguity.
Is 'included' used to highlight specific items?
"Included" is generally used to confirm the presence of items in a total package or list without highlighting specifics.
What happens if I use 'included' incorrectly in a list?
Misusing "included" might mislead readers into thinking a list is comprehensive when it is not.
How do 'included' and 'including' differ in legal contexts?
In legal texts, "included" might refer to elements definitely part of the document, while "including" could introduce examples or clarify provisions without being exhaustive.
Is 'including' informal?
"Including" is versatile and used in both informal and formal contexts, depending on the setting and intention.
What is the difference in usage between 'included' and 'including'?
"Included" often refers to something already a part of the set, while "including" introduces additional specifics or examples.
What should I be careful of when using 'including'?
Ensure it is clear that "including" introduces examples and does not define an exhaustive list unless explicitly stated.
Why is it important to choose between 'included' and 'including'?
Choosing accurately between them helps clarify whether an enumeration is intended to be complete or illustrative.
Can 'included' suggest anything about the timing of inclusion?
"Included" suggests that the inclusion has already occurred and is established at the time of mentioning.
How does punctuation change with 'including'?
When using "including," a comma often precedes it if it introduces a non-essential clause, though styles may vary.
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Written by
Fiza RafiqueFiza Rafique is a skilled content writer at AskDifference.com, where she meticulously refines and enhances written pieces. Drawing from her vast editorial expertise, Fiza ensures clarity, accuracy, and precision in every article. Passionate about language, she continually seeks to elevate the quality of content for readers worldwide.
Co-written by
Urooj ArifUrooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.
