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Isotope vs. Radioisotope — What's the Difference?

By Fiza Rafique & Maham Liaqat — Updated on May 13, 2024
Isotopes are variants of a chemical element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons; radioisotopes are unstable isotopes that decay, releasing radiation.
Isotope vs. Radioisotope — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Isotope and Radioisotope

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Key Differences

Isotopes are forms of the same chemical element that have identical atomic numbers but different atomic masses due to varying numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. On the other hand, radioisotopes are a specific type of isotope that are unstable; they lose energy by emitting radiation in a process known as radioactive decay.
While isotopes can be stable and do not change over time, radioisotopes are inherently unstable and undergo radioactive decay to transform into more stable atoms. This decay can involve the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.
Isotopes of an element share chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons. In contrast, radioisotopes may additionally have applications in medicine and industry due to their radioactive properties, such as in cancer treatment or as tracers in biochemical research.
In nature, isotopes occur in varying abundances, with some elements having multiple stable isotopes. Conversely, radioisotopes are often rare in nature but can be artificially produced in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators.
While stable isotopes do not pose significant health risks, radioisotopes can be hazardous due to their radioactivity, necessitating strict handling and disposal protocols to protect health and the environment.
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Comparison Chart

Stability

Stable (does not decay)
Unstable (undergoes decay)

Emission

None
Alpha, beta, gamma radiation

Natural occurrence

Both stable and unstable
Mostly unstable

Applications

Scientific research
Medical, industrial, research

Health risks

Generally safe
Potentially hazardous

Compare with Definitions

Isotope

Isotopes can be used as tracers in various scientific fields.
Nitrogen-15 is used to study nitrogen cycles in ecosystems.

Radioisotope

Radioisotopes are used in industry for equipment calibration and material testing.
Cobalt-60 is utilized in gamma radiography to inspect metal parts and welds.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 are isotopes of Carbon.

Radioisotope

The decay of radioisotopes is an important consideration in nuclear waste management.
Strontium-90 must be carefully contained due to its long half-life and beta radiation.

Isotope

The study of isotopes provides insights into geological and environmental processes.
Oxygen isotopes are used to track changes in Earth's climate history.

Radioisotope

Radioisotopes have medical applications, notably in diagnosis and therapy.
Technetium-99m is widely used for medical imaging.

Isotope

Isotopes behave similarly in chemical reactions due to their identical electron configurations.
Both isotopes of chlorine participate equally in the formation of table salt.

Radioisotope

Isotopes of an element that are unstable and emit radiation as they decay.
Carbon-14 is a radioisotope used in radiocarbon dating.

Isotope

Stable isotopes do not decay and are not radioactive.
Hydrogen has two stable isotopes, protium and deuterium.

Radioisotope

Radioisotopes can be produced in nuclear reactors or particle accelerators.
Iodine-131 is produced for therapeutic applications in thyroid conditions.

Isotope

Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. While all isotopes of a given element have almost the same chemical properties, they have different atomic masses and physical properties.The term isotope is formed from the Greek roots isos (ἴσος "equal") and topos (τόπος "place"), meaning "the same place"; thus, the meaning behind the name is that different isotopes of a single element occupy the same position on the periodic table.

Radioisotope

A naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotope of an element.

Isotope

One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Radioisotope

(physics) a radioactive isotope of an element

Isotope

(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

Radioisotope

A radioactive isotope of an element; produced either naturally or artificially

Isotope

To define or demonstrate an isotopy of (one map with another).

Isotope

One of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons

Common Curiosities

Can isotopes of the same element differ in physical properties?

Yes, isotopes can differ in physical properties such as density and boiling point.

Are all isotopes radioactive?

No, only those isotopes which are unstable and decay are considered radioactive.

How long do radioisotopes remain hazardous?

The hazard level depends on the half-life of the radioisotope, which can vary from seconds to thousands of years.

Why are radioisotopes important in medicine?

They are used in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in imaging and cancer therapy.

How are radioisotopes used in research?

They are used as tracers to study biological pathways and in radiometric dating.

What defines an isotope?

An isotope is defined by having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons compared to other atoms of the same element.

How are radioisotopes different from isotopes?

Radioisotopes are isotopes that are unstable and emit radiation as they decay, unlike stable isotopes.

How do isotopes affect chemical reactions?

Isotopes generally do not affect the mechanisms of chemical reactions but can influence reaction rates.

What safety measures are required when handling radioisotopes?

Proper shielding, monitoring, and adherence to regulatory guidelines are necessary to minimize radiation exposure.

What is a common use of stable isotopes?

Stable isotopes are commonly used as tracers in environmental and geological research.

What is radioactive decay?

Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

Why are isotopes important in paleoclimatology?

Isotopes in ice cores and sediment layers help reconstruct past climate conditions and environmental changes.

Can isotopes be artificially created?

Yes, isotopes, particularly radioisotopes, can be artificially created in nuclear reactors.

What role do isotopes play in nuclear power?

Certain isotopes, like uranium-235, are critical for sustaining nuclear fission reactions in power plants.

What are the environmental impacts of radioisotopes?

If not managed properly, they can contribute to pollution and pose health risks due to their radioactivity.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Fiza Rafique
Fiza Rafique is a skilled content writer at AskDifference.com, where she meticulously refines and enhances written pieces. Drawing from her vast editorial expertise, Fiza ensures clarity, accuracy, and precision in every article. Passionate about language, she continually seeks to elevate the quality of content for readers worldwide.
Co-written by
Maham Liaqat

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