Legato vs. Staccato — What's the Difference?

Legato, in music, is a directive to play notes in a smooth, flowing manner without noticeable gaps. This technique involves playing notes so that each one connects directly to the next, creating a seamless sound. On the other hand, staccato is a playing style where notes are performed in a detached, separated manner, with each note being sharply distinct from the others, creating a crisp and concise effect.

The legato technique is often symbolized in sheet music by a curved line connecting the notes that should be played smoothly. This symbol, called a slur, indicates that the notes under it should be played as one continuous phrase. Whereas, staccato notes are marked by small dots above or below the notes, instructing the performer to play the notes short and detached, emphasizing the break between each note.

Legato is frequently used in strings, wind instruments, and vocal music to emphasize lyrical passages and melodies that benefit from a connected, flowing sound. It's particularly effective in expressing emotional depth and sustaining musical phrases. Staccato, in contrast, is utilized to add rhythm, articulation, and excitement to the music, making it ideal for lively, dynamic, and rhythmic passages.

While legato play requires careful control of breath, bowing, or finger movements to ensure smooth transitions between notes, staccato demands precise, controlled movements to achieve clear separation. This distinction highlights the different techniques and skills instrumentalists must master to effectively execute each style.

In terms of effect, legato contributes to a song's melody by creating lines that flow together seamlessly, often used to evoke a sense of calmness or fluidity. Staccato, however, adds texture and rhythm to the music, creating a more punctuated, energetic, and sometimes playful character.