Mountain vs. Fell — What's the Difference?

Mountains are large natural elevations that rise prominently above the surrounding landscape, characterized by their significant height, usually over 600 meters (about 2000 feet). Mountains can be part of mountain ranges and are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. On the other hand, a fell is a term used primarily in Northern England, as well as in Scotland and Scandinavia, to describe high, barren landscape features, such as moor-covered hills. Fells are generally smaller than mountains and are not characterized by a specific height.

Mountains often feature a variety of ecosystems, from temperate forests at their bases to alpine conditions at higher elevations. They can affect weather patterns and play a critical role in local and global climate systems. Fells, whereas, tend to have a more uniform ecological character, dominated by grassy, heath, or shrubby vegetation, adapted to harsher, windier, and wetter conditions. They provide habitats for specific flora and fauna adapted to these environments.

While mountains can be found all over the world, the concept of a fell is geographically more specific, primarily associated with the British Isles (especially the Lake District and the Pennines) and Scandinavia. This geographical distinction means that the cultural and historical significance of these landscapes can vary greatly. Mountains, in many cultures, are often considered sacred or are central to local mythology. Fells, on the other hand, have a strong presence in Norse mythology and British folklore.

The recreational opportunities presented by mountains and fells differ as well. Mountainous areas often attract hikers, climbers, and skiers, drawn by the challenging terrain, scenic vistas, and the potential for adventure. Fells offer opportunities for walking, fell running, and bird-watching, appealing to those seeking a less intense interaction with nature.

In terms of conservation, both mountains and fells face threats from climate change, over-tourism, and development. However, the conservation strategies may differ due to the distinct ecological, cultural, and recreational values of these landscapes. For example, mountain areas might focus on protecting biodiversity and managing tourist impacts, while fell conservation might emphasize preserving traditional grazing practices and the open landscape.