Nucleotide vs. Base — What's the Difference?
By Tayyaba Rehman & Urooj Arif — Updated on May 13, 2024
Nucleotide consists of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base, crucial for DNA and RNA structure; a base (nitrogenous base) is part of a nucleotide, crucial for base pairing.
Difference Between Nucleotide and Base
Table of Contents
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Key Differences
A nucleotide is a fundamental unit of DNA and RNA, containing three components: a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Whereas a base, or nitrogenous base, is one of these components, specifically the part that participates in forming the genetic code through base pairing.
Nucleotides form the backbone of nucleic acids via their sugar and phosphate groups, providing structural integrity and sequence specificity. On the other hand, bases contribute primarily to the informational aspect of nucleic acids, pairing specifically to encode genetic information.
In nucleotides, the sugar is either ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA), which links to the phosphate group. In contrast, bases do not include these additional groups and exist as individual molecules that can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil.
Nucleotides are connected together through phosphodiester bonds, creating a sugar-phosphate backbone essential for nucleic acid structure and stability. Bases, however, are involved in hydrogen bonding with complementary bases, critical for the double helix structure in DNA or the single-stranded structure in RNA.
The role of nucleotides extends beyond forming DNA and RNA; they also participate in cellular processes such as energy transfer (ATP) and signaling (cAMP). Bases, however, are limited to their role in genetic coding and base pairing mechanisms.
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Comparison Chart
Components
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Only nitrogenous base
Function in DNA/RNA
Form backbone and store genetic information
Participate in base pairing to encode genetic information
Types in DNA
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine nucleotides
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine bases
Types in RNA
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil nucleotides
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil bases
Role in cellular activities
Structural, genetic storage, energy transfer, signaling
Limited to genetic information coding
Compare with Definitions
Nucleotide
A molecular compound consisting of a nucleoside attached to a phosphate group.
ATP is a nucleotide that provides energy to cellular processes.
Base
One of the components of nucleotides involved in forming DNA and RNA.
Adenine is a purine base that pairs with thymine in DNA.
Nucleotide
Involved in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information.
Nucleotide sequences determine the amino acid sequence of proteins.
Base
Participates in hydrogen bonding with complementary bases.
In DNA, the base cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
Nucleotide
Participates in cellular signaling and metabolism.
CAMP, a nucleotide, plays a key role in many signal transduction pathways.
Base
Exists as either a purine or pyrimidine.
Guanine and adenine are purines, larger bases that pair with pyrimidines.
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA and RNA.
DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA by linking nucleotides together.
Base
The lowest part or edge of something, especially the part on which it rests or is supported
She sat down at the base of a tree
Nucleotide
Can act as an energy carrier within the cell.
ATP, a triphosphate nucleotide, is essential for cellular energy transfers.
Base
A conceptual structure or entity on which something draws or depends
The town's economic base collapsed
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
Base
A place used as a centre of operations by the armed forces or others; a headquarters
He headed back to base
Nucleotide
A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Base
A main or important element or ingredient to which other things are added
Soaps with a vegetable oil base
Nucleotide
Any of a group of compounds consisting of a nucleoside combined with a phosphate group and constituting the units that make up DNA and RNA molecules.
Base
A substance capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt and water, or (more broadly) of accepting or neutralizing hydrogen ions.
Nucleotide
(biochemistry) The monomer constituting DNA or RNA biopolymer molecules. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous heterocyclic base (or nucleobase), which can be either a double-ringed purine or a single-ringed pyrimidine; a five-carbon pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA); and a phosphate group.
Base
The middle part of a bipolar transistor, separating the emitter from the collector.
Nucleotide
A phosphate ester of a nucleoside; one of the monomeric components of DNA or RNA.
Base
The root or stem of a word or a derivative.
Nucleotide
A phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
Base
A number used as the basis of a numeration scale.
Base
Each of the four stations that must be reached in turn to score a run.
Base
Use (something specified) as the foundation or starting point for something
Entitlement will be based on income
The film is based on a novel by Pat Conroy
Base
Situate at a specified place as the centre of operations
A London-based band
The Science Policy Review Unit is based at the University of Sussex
Base
Without moral principles; ignoble
The electorate's baser instincts of greed and selfishness
Base
Denoting or befitting a person of low social class.
Base
(of coins or other articles) not made of precious metal
The basest coins in the purse were made in the 620s AD
Base
The lowest or bottom part
The base of a cliff.
The base of a lamp.
Base
The part of a plant or animal organ that is nearest to its point of attachment.
Base
The point of attachment of such an organ.
Base
A supporting part or layer; a foundation
A skyscraper built on a base of solid rock.
Base
A basic or underlying element; infrastructure
The nation's industrial base.
Base
The fundamental principle or underlying concept of a system or theory; a basis.
Base
A fundamental ingredient; a chief constituent
A paint with an oil base.
Base
The fact, observation, or premise from which a reasoning process is begun.
Base
(Games) A starting point, safety area, or goal.
Base
(Baseball) Any one of the four corners of an infield, marked by a bag or plate, that must be touched by a runner before a run can be scored.
Base
A center of organization, supply, or activity; a headquarters.
Base
The portion of a social organization, especially a political party, consisting of the most dedicated or motivated members.
Base
A fortified center of operations.
Base
A supply center for a large force of military personnel.
Base
A facial cosmetic used to even out the complexion or provide a surface for other makeup; a foundation.
Base
(Architecture) The lowest part of a structure, such as a wall, considered as a separate unit
The base of a column.
Base
(Heraldry) The lower part of a shield.
Base
(Linguistics) A morpheme or morphemes regarded as a form to which affixes or other bases may be added.
Base
The side or face of a geometric figure to which an altitude is or is thought to be drawn.
Base
The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system. The base of the decimal system, for example, is 10.
Base
The number raised to the logarithm of a designated number in order to produce that designated number; the number at which a chosen logarithmic scale has the value 1.
Base
A line used as a reference for measurement or computations.
Base
Any of a class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts.
Base
A substance that yields hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Base
A substance that can act as a proton acceptor.
Base
A substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.
Base
The region in a transistor between the emitter and the collector.
Base
The electrode attached to this region.
Base
One of the nitrogen-containing purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) that occurs attached to the sugar component of DNA or RNA.
Base
A bass singer or voice.
Base
Forming or serving as a base
A base layer of soil.
Base
Situated at or near the base or bottom
A base camp for the mountain climbers.
Base
(Chemistry) Of, relating to, or containing a base.
Base
Having or showing a lack of decency; contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish.
Base
Being a metal that is of little value.
Base
Containing such metals
Base coins.
Base
(Archaic) Of low birth, rank, or position.
Base
(Obsolete) Short in stature.
Base
To form or provide a base for
Based the new company in Portland.
Base
To find a basis for; establish
Based her conclusions on the report.
A film based on a best-selling novel.
Base
To assign to a base; station
Troops based in the Middle East.
Base
Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
Base
A supporting, lower or bottom component of a structure or object.
Base
The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
Base
A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
Base
The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
Base
A basic but essential component or ingredient.
Base
A substance used as a mordant in dyeing.
Base
(cosmetics) Foundation: a cosmetic cream to make the face appear uniform.
Base
(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.
Base
Important areas in games and sports.
Base
A safe zone in the children's games of tag and hide-and-go-seek.
Base
(baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
Base
(architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement.
Base
A nucleotide's nucleobase in the context of a DNA or RNA biopolymer.
Base
(botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ where it is attached to its support.
Base
(electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
Base
(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
Base
(heraldry) The lowest third of a shield or escutcheon.
Base
(heraldry) The lower part of the field. See escutcheon.
Base
(mathematics) A number raised to the power of an exponent.
The logarithm to base 2 of 8 is 3.
Base
(mathematics) radix.
Base
(topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated.
Base
(topology) A topological space, looked at in relation to one of its covering spaces, fibrations, or bundles.
Base
(group theory) A sequence of elements not jointly stabilized by any nontrivial group element.
Base
In hand-to-hand balance, the person who supports the flyer; the person that remains in contact with the ground.
Base
(linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.
Base
(music) bass
Base
The smallest kind of cannon.
Base
(archaic) The housing of a horse.
Base
A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mail or other armour) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.
Base
(obsolete) The lower part of a robe or petticoat.
Base
(obsolete) An apron.
Base
A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.
Base
(politics) A group of voters who almost always support a single party's candidates for elected office.
Base
(Marxism) The forces and relations of production that produce the necessities and amenities of life.
Base
A material that holds paint or other materials together; a binder.
Base
(aviation) base leg
Base
(slang) freebase cocaine
Base
The game of prisoners' bars.
Base
Alternative form of BASE
Base
(transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.
Base
(transitive) To be located (at a particular place).
Base
To act as a base; to be the person supporting the flyer.
Base
(slang) To freebase.
Base
(obsolete) Low in height; short.
Base
Low in place or position.
Base
(obsolete) Of low value or degree.
Base
(archaic) Of low social standing or rank; vulgar, common.
Base
Morally reprehensible, immoral; cowardly.
Base
Inferior; unworthy, of poor quality.
Base
(of a metal) Not considered precious or noble.
Base
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.
Base coin
Base bullion
Base
(obsolete) Of illegitimate birth; bastard.
Base
Not classical or correct.
Base
Obsolete form of bass
The base tone of a violin
Base
(legal) Not held by honourable service.
A base estate is one held by services not honourable, or held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant is a base tenant.
Base
Of little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as, base shrubs.
Base
Low in place or position.
Base
Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly; mean.
Base
Illegitimate by birth; bastard.
Why bastard? wherefore base?
Base
Of little comparative value, as metal inferior to gold and silver, the precious metals.
Base
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as, base coin; base bullion.
Base
Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy; without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial; as, a base fellow; base motives; base occupations.
Base
Not classical or correct.
Base
Deep or grave in sound; as, the base tone of a violin.
Base
Not held by honorable service; as, a base estate, one held by services not honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called base, or low, and the tenant, a base tenant.
Base
The bottom of anything, considered as its support, or that on which something rests for support; the foundation; as, the base of a statue.
Base
Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.
Base
The lower part of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature, usually in projection, or especially ornamented.
Base
That extremity of a leaf, fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.
Base
The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; - applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids.
Base
The chief ingredient in a compound.
Base
A substance used as a mordant.
Base
The exterior side of the polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles of two adjacent bastions.
Base
The line or surface constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to stand.
Base
The number from which a mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a system of logarithms.
Base
A low, or deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument which plays, base.
The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar.
Base
A place or tract of country, protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made, supplies are furnished, etc.
Base
The smallest kind of cannon.
Base
That part of an organ by which it is attached to another more central organ.
Base
The basal plane of a crystal.
Base
The ground mass of a rock, especially if not distinctly crystalline.
Base
The lower part of the field. See Escutcheon.
Base
The housing of a horse.
Base
A kind of skirt (often of velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from the middle to about the knees, or lower.
Base
The lower part of a robe or petticoat.
Base
An apron.
Base
The point or line from which a start is made; a starting place or a goal in various games.
To their appointed base they went.
Base
A line in a survey which, being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any points or objects connected with it by a system of triangles.
Base
A rustic play; - called also prisoner's base, prison base, or bars.
Base
Any one of the four bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.
Base
To put on a base or basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or conclusion; - used with on or upon.
Base
To abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower.
If any . . . based his pike.
Base
To reduce the value of; to debase.
Metals which we can not base.
Base
Any of various water-soluble compounds capable of turning litmus blue and reacting with an acid to form a salt and water;
Bases include oxides and hydroxides of metals and ammonia
Base
Installation from which a military force initiates operations;
The attack wiped out our forward bases
Base
Lowest support of a structure;
It was built on a base of solid rock
He stood at the foot of the tower
Base
Place that runner must touch before scoring;
He scrambled to get back to the bag
Base
(numeration system) the positive integer that is equivalent to one in the next higher counting place;
10 is the radix of the decimal system
Base
The bottom or lowest part;
The base of the mountain
Base
(anatomy) the part of an organ nearest its point of attachment;
The base of the skull
Base
A lower limit;
The government established a wage floor
Base
The fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained;
The whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
Base
A support or foundation;
The base of the lamp
Base
The bottom side of a geometric figure from which the altitude can be constructed;
The base of the triangle
Base
The most important or necessary part of something;
The basis of this drink is orange juice
Base
The place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end
Base
An intensely anti-western terrorist network that dispenses money and logistical support and training to a wide variety of radical Islamic terrorist group; has cells in more than 50 countries
Base
(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed;
Thematic vowels are part of the stem
Base
The stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area;
The industrial base of Japan
Base
The principal ingredient of a mixture;
Glycerinated gelatin is used as a base for many ointments
He told the painter that he wanted a yellow base with just a hint of green
Everything she cooked seemed to have rice as the base
Base
A flat bottom on which something is intended to sit;
A tub should sit on its own base
Base
(electronics) the part of a transistor that separates the emitter from the collector
Base
Use as a basis for; found on;
Base a claim on some observation
Base
Use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes
Base
Assign to a station
Base
Serving as or forming a base;
The painter applied a base coat followed by two finishing coats
Base
(used of metals) consisting of or alloyed with inferior metal;
Base coins of aluminum
A base metal
Base
Of low birth or station (`base' is archaic in this sense);
Baseborn wretches with dirty faces
Of humble (or lowly) birth
Base
Not adhering to ethical or moral principles;
Base and unpatriotic motives
A base, degrading way of life
Cheating is dishonorable
They considered colonialism immoral
Unethical practices in handling public funds
Base
Having or showing an ignoble lack of honor or morality;
That liberal obedience without which your army would be a base rabble
Taking a mean advantage
Chok'd with ambition of the meaner sort
Something essentially vulgar and meanspirited in politics
Base
Illegitimate
Base
Debased; not genuine;
An attempt to eliminate the base coinage
Base
Essential for the structure of the genetic code.
Mutations in base sequences can lead to changes in protein structure and function.
Base
Categorized based on their presence in DNA or RNA.
Uracil is a base found only in RNA, replacing thymine from DNA.
Common Curiosities
What is a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is a chemical compound that serves as the building block of DNA and RNA.
What are the types of bases found in DNA and RNA?
DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine.
What is a base in the context of genetics?
A base, or nitrogenous base, is a component of DNA and RNA that engages in hydrogen bonding with its complementary base to form base pairs.
Are all bases in DNA and RNA the same?
No, DNA and RNA differ in one of their bases: DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil, which replaces thymine.
How do nucleotides and bases differ in their role in DNA?
Nucleotides form the structural backbone of DNA, while bases are critical for the genetic coding through base pairing.
How are nucleotides linked together in DNA?
Nucleotides are linked together through phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next, forming the DNA backbone.
Can nucleotides function outside of DNA and RNA?
Yes, nucleotides such as ATP and cAMP play crucial roles in energy transfer and signaling pathways within cells.
What is the significance of the base sequence in DNA?
The sequence of bases in DNA determines the genetic information, dictating everything from cell function to organismal traits.
What determines the specific pairing of bases in DNA?
Specific base pairing is governed by hydrogen bonds; adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds in DNA.
What roles do bases play in mutations?
Changes or errors in the base sequence during DNA replication can lead to mutations, potentially causing various genetic disorders or changes in phenotype.
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Written by
Tayyaba RehmanTayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.
Co-written by
Urooj ArifUrooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.
