Optometry vs. Optology — What's the Difference?

Optometry is a licensed health care profession that involves examining the eyes and applicable visual systems for defects or abnormalities as well as the medical diagnosis and management of eye disease. Optometry professionals, known as optometrists, are trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision, and in some countries, they can also diagnose and treat various eye diseases. Optology, as an assumed term, would theoretically refer to the study of the eye and vision, but it is not officially recognized as a professional practice or academic field.

Optometrists are primary healthcare specialists trained to examine the eyes to detect defects in vision, signs of injury, ocular diseases, or abnormality and problems with general health. They prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and provide treatments such as vision therapy or low-vision rehabilitation. Optology, lacking an official standing, implies a more general and undefined study of the eye, potentially covering various aspects of eye function and vision science without the clinical aspect of patient care.

In terms of educational requirements, optometry is a regulated profession requiring a Doctor of Optometry (OD) degree in the United States, and licensing exams must be passed to practice. Optometry includes extensive clinical training as part of the education program. In contrast, since optology is not officially recognized, there are no formal educational programs or degrees, nor is there any licensure associated with it.

Optometry involves several subspecialties, including pediatric optometry, geriatric optometry, and ocular disease, among others. Optometrists often work in conjunction with other health care professionals to provide comprehensive health care. On the other hand, optology, not being a structured discipline, does not have defined subspecialties or recognized professional collaboration.

When discussing eye care services, optometry is the term to reference for professional services related to eye exams, prescriptions for corrective lenses, and eye health management. There is no service referred to as optology, as it is not an established field within the eye care industry or the medical community.