Panniculus vs. Pannus — What's the Difference?

Panniculus, commonly known as subcutaneous fat, is a layer of fatty tissue lying beneath the skin and above the muscle layer. It plays roles in insulation, energy storage, and protection of underlying tissues. Whereas pannus is a term used primarily in medical contexts to describe an abnormal layer of fibrovascular or granulation tissue. This tissue often forms over joints affected by chronic inflammation, as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, or over the cornea in certain eye diseases.

The term panniculus is often associated with body size and composition, as its thickness varies widely among individuals depending on factors such as diet, genetic predisposition, and overall health. In contrast, pannus formation is typically a result of pathological processes, indicating the presence of disease rather than lifestyle or genetic factors.

Panniculus can be classified into different categories based on its thickness and impact on health. For example, a significant panniculus may require medical intervention, such as panniculectomy, to remove excess fat for health reasons. On the other hand, pannus is not treated by removal but rather by addressing the underlying condition that causes its formation, such as using medications to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

While both panniculus and pannus involve layers of tissue, their significance and implications for health are quite different. The presence of a thick panniculus can be a cosmetic concern or a sign of obesity-related health issues. Meanwhile, the presence of pannus is a clear indicator of underlying pathological conditions that require medical attention to prevent further damage to joints or the cornea.

In terms of management, weight management and lifestyle changes are key approaches to reducing the size of the panniculus. These measures aim to decrease the risk of complications associated with obesity. In contrast, managing pannus involves medical treatments to control the disease process causing it, highlighting the difference in approach between managing a largely preventable condition and treating a disease-related manifestation.