Pediment vs. Gable — What's the Difference?

Pediments and gables are both architectural elements found at the upper part of structures but serve different roles aesthetically and structurally. A pediment is typically seen in classical architecture, prominently featured atop columns or pilasters, forming a triangular shape that often contains sculpture or other ornamentation. A gable, on the other hand, is not limited to classical architecture and refers to the triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches.

The pediment is an element rooted in ancient Greek and Roman architecture, acting as a focal point above the entrance of temples, where it would often depict scenes of mythological importance. In contrast, a gable is a functional part of the roof, providing a way for rain and snow to slide off and can be seen in various styles of architecture, from Gothic churches to simple residential homes.

When looking at a pediment, one might notice its placement as part of the entablature, resting on a horizontal structure supported by columns, embodying the principles of symmetry and proportion. Gables, however, are defined by the construction of the roof, with the pitch of the roof determining the shape and size of the gable, which can vary greatly from steep in alpine architectures to nearly flat in modern designs.

The pediment, in its decorative function, often showcases the application of artistic design, such as in the famous Parthenon in Athens, where it once displayed intricate sculptures. A gable is less about ornamentation and more about necessity, yet it can be adorned or embellished, as seen in the crow-stepped gables of Dutch Renaissance buildings or the elaborate woodwork of Victorian-era homes.

Finally, while the pediment remains a symbol of classical ideals, often replicated in government buildings and cultural institutions to evoke grandeur and tradition, the gable serves a broader application, presenting itself in various forms from the simple to the ornate, highlighting the diversity of architectural expression in both historical and contemporary buildings.