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Pepper vs. Capsicum — What's the Difference?

By Tayyaba Rehman — Updated on October 25, 2023
Pepper refers to both the black spice from Piper nigrum and various hot or sweet fruits from the genus Capsicum. Capsicum specifically denotes the plants and fruits within the Capsicum genus, like bell peppers or chilies.
Pepper vs. Capsicum — What's the Difference?

Difference Between Pepper and Capsicum

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Key Differences

Pepper is a versatile term in the culinary world. It can refer to the ground spice that comes from the dried berries of the Piper nigrum plant, commonly used alongside salt. Alternatively, it can denote the various fruits from the Capsicum genus, both hot and sweet varieties.
Capsicum, on the other hand, is a term that specifically pinpoints plants and fruits within the Capsicum genus. This genus comprises varieties like bell peppers, jalapenos, and many other chili peppers. The word "capsicum" is more commonly used in certain regions like Australia and India, whereas in the US, these are often referred to as "peppers."
Pepper's usage as a spice, especially black and white pepper, has been a cornerstone of global cuisines for centuries. The spicy kick of ground pepper enhances the flavor profile of countless dishes. In contrast, the fruits from the Capsicum genus bring a range of flavors, from the sweet bell pepper to the fiery habanero.
The heat or pungency in peppers from the Capsicum genus is due to a compound called capsaicin. Capsaicin concentration varies among Capsicum varieties, resulting in differing heat levels. However, the pepper from Piper nigrum does not contain capsaicin, relying instead on a compound called piperine for its distinct bite.

Comparison Chart

Definition

Refers to both a spice and fruits of the Capsicum genus.
Specifically refers to plants/fruits of the Capsicum genus.
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Origin

Piper nigrum (black/white pepper) or Capsicum genus (chili/bell peppers).
Capsicum genus.

Common Usage

Ground spice or various chili/bell peppers.
Bell peppers, chilies, and other varieties.

Compound for Spiciness

Contains piperine (in Piper nigrum).
Contains capsaicin.

Regional Name Variations

Called "pepper" for both the spice and the vegetable in the US.
Used specifically for the vegetable in regions like Australia and India.

Compare with Definitions

Pepper

To sprinkle or season with ground Piper nigrum.
She peppered her eggs to enhance their taste.

Capsicum

The genus name for bell peppers and chili peppers.
Capsicum annuum includes many common pepper varieties.

Pepper

To distribute something in various places.
Stars peppered the night sky.

Capsicum

A term used in some regions for bell peppers.
Could you buy some red capsicum from the store?

Pepper

A perennial climbing vine (Piper nigrum) native to India, widely cultivated for its long slender spikes of small fruit.

Capsicum

A tropical American plant producing bell peppers or chilies.
My garden has a variety of capsicum plants.

Pepper

A pungent black or white spice produced from the dried fruit of this plant, used as a condiment.

Capsicum

Capsicum () is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their chili pepper or bell pepper fruit.

Pepper

Any of several other plants of the genus Piper, such as cubeb, betel, and kava.

Capsicum

Any of various tropical American pepper plants of the genus Capsicum, especially any of the numerous cultivated forms of the species C. annuum and C. frutescens.

Pepper

Any of several tropical American, cultivated varieties of capsicum, having podlike, many-seeded, fruit.

Capsicum

The fruit of any of these plants, especially the dried pungent types used as a condiment and in medicine.

Pepper

The podlike fruit of any of these plants, varying in size, shape, color, and degree of pungency, with the milder types including the bell pepper and pimiento, and the more pungent types including the habanero.

Capsicum

Any of several tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.

Pepper

Any of various condiments made from the more pungent varieties of capsicum, such as cayenne pepper, tabasco pepper, and chili. Also called hot pepper.

Capsicum

The spicy fruit of the above plants, the bell pepper.

Pepper

Any of various other plants producing pungent fruits, such as the Szechuan pepper.

Capsicum

A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red or Cayenne pepper of commerce.

Pepper

(Baseball) A warm-up exercise in which players standing a short distance from a batter field the ball and toss it to the batter, who hits each toss back to the fielders. Also called pepper game.

Capsicum

Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit; red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); .

Pepper

To season or sprinkle with pepper.

Capsicum

Any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers

Pepper

To sprinkle liberally; scatter
Peppered the confetti over the street.

Capsicum

The fruit of such a plant, especially when used as a vegetable.
I added some green capsicum to the pizza for crunch.

Pepper

To strew something over
"Large splinters and chunks of timber peppered the ground" (John Guy).

Capsicum

A topical preparation from chili peppers used for pain relief.
The doctor recommended capsicum ointment for my sore muscles.

Pepper

To strike with small missiles or gunfire.

Pepper

A plant of the family Piperaceae.

Pepper

(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.

Pepper

A bell pepper, a fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.Surely "pepper" covers all varieties as in most of this definition, while "bell pepper" and "capsicum" only refer to the large roundish mild varieties specifically

Pepper

(baseball) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again
Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".

Pepper

(cryptography) A randomly-generated value that is added to another value (such as a password) prior to hashing. Unlike a salt, a new one is generated for each value and it is held separately from the value.

Pepper

(transitive) To add pepper to.

Pepper

(transitive) To strike with something made up of small particles.

Pepper

(transitive) To cover with lots of (something made up of small things).
After the hailstorm, the beach was peppered with holes.

Pepper

(transitive) To add (something) at frequent intervals.
He liked to pepper his conversation with long words.

Pepper

To beat or thrash.

Pepper

A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.

Pepper

The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.

Pepper

Any plant of the genus Capsicum (of the Solanaceae family, which are unrelated to Piper), and its fruit; red pepper; chili pepper; as, the bell pepper and the jalapeno pepper (both Capsicum annuum) and the habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense); . These contain varying levels of the substance capsaicin (C18H27O3N), which gives the peppers their hot taste. The habanero is about 25-50 times hotter than the jalapeno according to a scale developed by Wilbur Scoville in 1912. See also Capsicum and http://www.chili-pepper-plants.com/.

Pepper

To sprinkle or season with pepper.

Pepper

Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds; as, to pepper him with buckshot.

Pepper

To fire numerous shots (at).

Pepper

Climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam

Pepper

Any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers

Pepper

Pungent seasoning from the berry of the common pepper plant of East India; use whole or ground

Pepper

Sweet and hot varieties of fruits of plants of the genus Capsicum

Pepper

Add pepper to;
Pepper the soup

Pepper

Attack and bombard with or as if with missiles;
Pelt the speaker with questions

Pepper

A ground spice from dried berries of Piper nigrum.
I sprinkled some pepper on my salad for added flavor.

Pepper

Any fruit from the Capsicum genus.
The recipe calls for one red pepper, finely chopped.

Pepper

To bombard or pelt with something.
The reporters peppered him with questions.

Common Curiosities

Is capsicum the same as bell pepper?

Yes, in some regions like Australia and India, bell peppers are commonly referred to as capsicums.

How many types of capsicums are there?

There are several types, ranging from sweet bell peppers to various hot chili peppers.

Why do some recipes mention both pepper and capsicum?

Because they might refer to the ground spice for seasoning and the vegetable for its flavor and texture.

Why is pepper spicy?

The spice from Piper nigrum is due to piperine, while the heat in Capsicum peppers is from capsaicin.

Which is hotter: black pepper or chili pepper?

Chili peppers from the Capsicum genus can be much hotter than black pepper, depending on the variety.

Is capsicum good for health?

Yes, capsicums are rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, and have various health benefits.

Can I use capsicum in place of black pepper in recipes?

While both add a kick, they have different flavor profiles. It depends on the desired taste of the dish.

Is the heat of a pepper related to its color?

Not necessarily. While some red peppers are hot, bell peppers can be red and are not spicy.

What is the primary source of black and white pepper?

Black and white pepper both come from the Piper nigrum plant.

Are all capsicums spicy?

No, capsicums vary in heat, with bell peppers being mild and others like habaneros being very spicy.

How should I store fresh capsicums?

Capsicums are best stored in the refrigerator's crisper drawer.

Why is pepper often paired with salt?

Both are foundational seasonings that enhance the natural flavors of food.

What is pink pepper?

Pink pepper isn't true pepper. It comes from the berries of the Brazilian pepper tree.

Are green and red capsicums the same, just at different ripeness stages?

Often yes, but specific capsicum varieties might maintain their original color even when fully ripe.

How can I reduce the heat when cooking with capsicums?

Removing the seeds and membranes can reduce the heat of many capsicum varieties.

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Author Spotlight

Written by
Tayyaba Rehman
Tayyaba Rehman is a distinguished writer, currently serving as a primary contributor to askdifference.com. As a researcher in semantics and etymology, Tayyaba's passion for the complexity of languages and their distinctions has found a perfect home on the platform. Tayyaba delves into the intricacies of language, distinguishing between commonly confused words and phrases, thereby providing clarity for readers worldwide.

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