Plaque vs. Calculus — What's the Difference?

Plaque is a colorless or pale yellow film that continuously forms on teeth. It's composed of bacteria, saliva, and food particles. If not removed regularly through brushing and flossing, it can lead to dental issues like cavities and gum disease. Calculus, on the other hand, is plaque that has mineralized on the teeth over time, becoming hard and firmly attached to the tooth surface. Unlike plaque, calculus cannot be removed with regular home dental care and requires professional dental cleaning.

Plaque begins forming on the teeth soon after eating or drinking anything sugary or starchy. It's easily removable by daily brushing and flossing. Calculus, however, develops when plaque is left on the teeth for a period of time, allowing it to harden. This process is facilitated by the minerals in saliva.

The presence of plaque can lead to tooth decay and gum inflammation due to the acidic byproducts produced by the bacteria it contains. In contrast, calculus provides a rough surface that enhances bacterial attachment, further protecting bacteria from removal and exacerbating gum and periodontal diseases.

Managing plaque involves regular oral hygiene practices, including brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using mouthwash. To prevent calculus formation, it's important to not only maintain these practices but also to visit a dentist regularly for cleanings, as once plaque turns into calculus, professional intervention is necessary.

Both plaque and calculus play significant roles in dental health, with plaque being the initial form that can evolve into calculus if oral hygiene is neglected. Understanding the differences between them is crucial for effective dental care and preventing more serious dental issues.