Puritans vs. Quakers — What's the Difference?

The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices. Quakers, or the Religious Society of Friends, began in the 17th century as a Christian movement that emphasized direct personal experience of God within one's soul. Puritans held a Calvinistic theology, emphasizing predestination and the total depravity of man, whereas Quakers believed in the ability of each person to access the "inner light," or spirit of God within themselves.

Puritans advocated for a congregational church governance and were known for their strict moral code and emphasis on hard work and thrift. In contrast, Quakers rejected formal sacraments and ordained ministry, held meetings that were often silent until moved to speak by the Spirit, and promoted egalitarian principles. The Puritan lifestyle was austere, rejecting what they saw as excess, while Quakers were known for their simple living but were also more permissive in matters of dress and demeanor, guided by conscience rather than a strict moral code.

While Puritans believed in the importance of a learned ministry and often had educated pastors, Quakers believed that God could speak through any person, regardless of formal education. Puritans were heavily involved in the political and educational foundations of the American colonies, such as in Massachusetts, whereas Quakers, with their pacifism and advocacy for social justice, were influential in Pennsylvania and other colonies, promoting religious tolerance and social reform.