Segmentation vs. Fragmentation — What's the Difference?
By Urooj Arif & Maham Liaqat — Updated on May 7, 2024
Segmentation divides a program into meaningful segments based on function, while fragmentation occurs unintentionally as memory spaces are inefficiently used.
Difference Between Segmentation and Fragmentation
Table of Contents
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Key Differences
Segmentation in computing involves dividing a program’s code into segments such as code, data, and stack to facilitate more efficient processing and management. Whereas, fragmentation specifically refers to the condition where storage space is used inefficiently, creating gaps of unusable space.
Segments are logically divided, allowing for easier access and protection features in an operating system, while fragmentation results from the allocation and deallocation of blocks of memory, which may lead to slower system performance.
In segmentation, each segment can be independently managed and can vary in size according to the needs of the program. On the other hand, fragmentation can be of two types: external and internal, both affecting how memory is utilized and system efficiency.
The segmentation approach helps in providing better memory protection as each segment can have its own set of permissions, whereas fragmentation often requires additional processes like defragmentation to optimize memory usage.
Segmentation allows for modular design of applications, making debugging and maintenance easier. Conversely, fragmentation can complicate these processes by scattering logical parts of data across the physical memory.
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Comparison Chart
Definition
Dividing program into different segments based on logic.
Unintentional gaps in memory caused by allocation.
Purpose
Enhances management and security of memory.
Results in inefficient memory use.
Types
Logical (e.g., code, data, stack segments).
External and internal.
Impact on System
Can improve efficiency and protection.
Generally reduces performance.
Management
Managed by operating system for better access control.
Requires routine maintenance like defragmentation.
Compare with Definitions
Segmentation
Each segment is a logical unit such as code or data.
The data segment of a program holds global variables.
Fragmentation
Occurs when memory allocation is not contiguous.
Fragmentation increases when many small files are deleted and new larger files are added.
Segmentation
A memory management technique that divides a program’s memory into segments.
Modern operating systems use segmentation to separate user tasks from system tasks.
Fragmentation
Typically addressed through defragmentation processes.
Running a defragmentation tool reorganizes the data to make it contiguous.
Segmentation
Allows for dynamic resizing according to program needs.
A program’s stack segment grows as new functions are called.
Fragmentation
Leads to inefficient use of memory and storage.
Over time, disk fragmentation can slow down computer performance.
Segmentation
Associated with structured programming and modular design.
Segmentation helps in modular programming by isolating functional sections.
Fragmentation
Affects both primary and secondary memory.
Fragmentation can affect both system RAM and hard drives.
Segmentation
Segments can be independently protected and managed.
Segmentation faults occur when a program tries to access restricted memory segments.
Fragmentation
Can be internal or external in nature.
External fragmentation leaves blocks of free space between allocations.
Segmentation
Division into segments.
Fragmentation
The act or process of breaking into fragments.
Segmentation
(Embryology) See cleavage.
Fragmentation
The scattering of the fragments of an exploding bomb or other projectile.
Segmentation
The act or an instance of dividing into segments
Fragmentation
(Computers) The scattering of parts of a file or files throughout a storage device, as when the operating system breaks up the file and fits it into the spaces left vacant by previously deleted files.
Segmentation
The state of being divided into segments
Fragmentation
The act of fragmenting or something fragmented; disintegration.
Segmentation
The partitioning of an image into groups of pixels
Fragmentation
The process by which fragments of an exploding bomb scatter.
Segmentation
The act or process of dividing into segments; specifically (Biol.), a self-division into segments as a result of growth; cell cleavage; cell multiplication; endogenous cell formation.
Fragmentation
(computing) The breaking up and dispersal of a file into non-contiguous areas of a disk.
Segmentation
(embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum
Fragmentation
(computing) The breaking up of a data packet when larger than the transmission unit of a network.
Segmentation
The act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart
Fragmentation
The act or process of separating something into small pieces or fine particles.
Fragmentation
Separating something into fine particles
Fragmentation
The disintegration of social norms governing behavior and thought and social relationships
Fragmentation
(computer science) the condition of a file that is broken up and stored in many different locations on a magnetic disk;
Fragmentation slows system performance because it takes extra time to locate and assemble the parts of the fragmented file
Fragmentation
The scattering of bomb fragments after the bomb explodes
Common Curiosities
What is segmentation in computing?
Segmentation is a memory management technique that divides a program’s memory into segments like code, data, and stack for better efficiency and security.
What are the types of fragmentation?
There are two main types of fragmentation: internal and external.
What is the difference between internal and external fragmentation?
Internal fragmentation occurs within an allocated region; external occurs between allocated regions.
Can fragmentation affect system performance?
Yes, fragmentation often leads to inefficient memory use, which can slow down system performance.
Is segmentation applicable to all operating systems?
Most modern operating systems support segmentation, but its implementation can vary.
What causes fragmentation?
Fragmentation is caused by the continual allocation and deallocation of memory spaces, which leaves unutilized gaps.
How does segmentation enhance system security?
By allowing segments to have different protection levels, segmentation enhances system security by preventing unauthorized access.
Does segmentation affect program execution?
Yes, by organizing memory efficiently, segmentation can improve the execution of programs.
How is fragmentation resolved?
Fragmentation is typically resolved using defragmentation tools that rearrange the storage of files.
How often should defragmentation be performed?
The frequency of defragmentation depends on the system usage, but typically, it is recommended to be done periodically.
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Written by
Urooj ArifUrooj is a skilled content writer at Ask Difference, known for her exceptional ability to simplify complex topics into engaging and informative content. With a passion for research and a flair for clear, concise writing, she consistently delivers articles that resonate with our diverse audience.
Co-written by
Maham Liaqat
