Tunneled Catheter vs. Non-Tunneled Catheter — What's the Difference?

A tunneled catheter is a type of central venous catheter that is placed under the skin and into a large vein, typically in the chest. This tunneling method allows for the catheter to remain in place for extended periods, often several months, making it suitable for long-term treatments like chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, or long-term antibiotic therapy. Non-tunneled catheters, in contrast, are inserted directly into a vein, with no subcutaneous tunneling, and are intended for short-term use, usually up to a few weeks.

The placement of a tunneled catheter is a surgical procedure that creates a tunnel under the skin from the insertion point to the vein. This tunnel acts as a barrier to infection, significantly reducing the risk compared to non-tunneled catheters. Non-tunneled catheters, being more exposed, carry a higher risk of infection and are typically used in hospital settings where patients can be closely monitored.

In terms of maintenance, tunneled catheters require regular care and cleaning to prevent infection and ensure functionality. They also allow patients more mobility and the ability to live normally, including showering and some physical activities. Non-tunneled catheters, given their temporary nature, require less maintenance but restrict patient mobility and activities due to their external positioning and infection risk.

The removal of a tunneled catheter also requires a surgical procedure, whereas a non-tunneled catheter can be removed simply by pulling it out, making the process quicker and less invasive.

From a patient comfort perspective, tunneled catheters are generally more comfortable for long-term use, as they are securely placed and less obtrusive. Non-tunneled catheters, being more external, can be more uncomfortable and limit daily activities.